                             8

                        

                     8.1 ⢥  મ
                    -----------------------

       1980/81  .    㡥  㡫   ୠ
"Bridge World"  ⥩, , ⠪ 뢠, "ਭ-
   ࠭⠢"  ("The Useful Space Principle").  
㦤,   ࠪ⮢ ࠧ ਨ , ⮡ -
訬 ࠧ ᯮ짮  ࣮ 㯭 ࠭⢮.
     ⥬ 쭮 ୠ,        ⤥
,     ⥫  㪫   㦤.  ᫥
 㯮⮩ ਨ  ⥩    頫  ⢥⠬  
મ.   ਤ ,   ᨬ,  ࠥ  
⢥    મ  ᫠   ⨢,
  騩,   ࠢ, ६  ६  㤥 -
 ,  室   ⥬.
    㡥 砫  㦤 ஡    稨 -
 ० 祬 㦤  襭 ஡.  ᮬ-
,   㦥  ।  ⮬,    室 
 襭.
    祢     ⠢ ⥬ ⢥⮢  મ -
 砥    ;       ஢,
  ⨢,     ,   ᫠
ᯮ,    祭    ᨬ 
祭 ࣮.  宦,       襭  
 㤮⢮⥫, ⠪   㤥  筮
, , ,       ⢥ २-
 । ⠫묨.
      ,  ᫥,    ᨨ, ஢
㡥ᮬ   ࠧ묨 ⮤,   ਩ 
 祭.
1). ᫨  ⢥      ᨭ,    
    ,   -   뢠饣 ᥣ 頥 
      ࢥ樨.
2).     䥪⨢,      -
    ᨭ,       ஢  ࣮,  祬
     .   ,     ,
     ⠪   䥪⨢,      -
     ࣮.  : 1-1--?
    1-ᨭ - ࠡ⠥ , 2-ᨭ;  騥 2
    䥪⨢, 祬  1.  ,  
     ࠢ     1.
3).  ਬ塞  饥 ६ ⠭ ⮤,  -
     ஢ 奬, ⠢  쥧 ஡.
    ਬ,   諠 ⠪ ࣮: 1-2--?
    )  ⮩    10   ⥫ ᤥ -
       .  2   娬 ࠪ⮬,   3  
       ,  諥,   - . ᫫ 3  -
       ,      ᤥ   ,     
       쥧 㤭, ᫨  .
    )   ⮩      10 १ 뫮   
       砥 ⠢ ,   ஡ -  訩.  
       㤮   3NT,    প,
          ࠡ ;     ᤥ
       릨⥫쭮 祭? ࠤ樮 ⢥ - 2,  -
        ⭥ ࠪ᪨     
         3 ஢, ⠪   ᫥饬 㣥  ᫥
       㣠뢠,  , 3NT  4.
     ᬮਬ,      ⮤  ࠭⢠
 襭  ஡.
     ⮬  ਬ,  1-2-,  ꥬ  3, ⠪  -
騥 2NT,  ਬ 筮 䥪⨢.  ꥬ  3  
⠢   쭥襩 ࣮,   ᫥ ⠪ ᫥-
⥫쭮  ᮡ   㦭.  2NT  ⠢  쭮
 ,     ⮫ (,  ⨢ ࠪ
  㤥 ⠪ 뢠騩)   
᫠ ⮩ .  㣨  ⢥ - - 2  -
ࠫ    , 3  3.
    2 ⠢  ᨬ쭮  ࠭⢮  쭥襩 -
;  㦭   ⮫쪮     ᯮ짮 
- ?    祭  3  3.

                  () 3    
                  ----------------------------
       㠥  -  㤥 㦥  ⮫쪮  
,    砥,    室  ᨭ   
 ஢ 3.  ᮬ,   ॡ ࠭⢮,  
 ᠬ  ᥡ  ਢ  ஢  ,  
 ᮡࠫ    ᫥饬 㣥.  ஡  ⮬,  
⭥ 易 ᤥ   -,     ࠤ  
࠭⢮.  ᠬ   ⢥ ஬ ⮪
    . - ।⠢  -
஬ ࠭⢮,    ।  䥪⨢  ᯮ짮-
.

                    () 3   
                   -------------------------
     -  ᯮ짮,  ⮡    -
, ᫨誮   ⮣   ⭥. , -
 ,   ⮩ 楫   ᫥ ਬ.   -
,  ࠭⢮, ᢮ -,  㤥 祭
,    設⢥ 砥   㦭.  祬?!
⮬   9 ࠧ  10 ⭥  ()    ⠭-
  3,  ()    㤥  4,    ।ਭ
諥  ⪨,    ()  㯥ᨫ    ⠭  4.
筮,  ᫨ ⭥ ࢥ   ᨫ,   ,  -
࠭⢠   ॡ.   ᫨  10- 砩,  
ந  㣮,  祭  ࠭⢮  祭  ।
  ⥫ .
     ࠧ,   ᪠ ᫥饥: ᫨ - 頥
,  , 饩   ଠ   ᨬ쭮
⨬ , ..  襬 砥 - 3.
     ,     﫨,  ਭ樯  ࠭⢠
    ஥ 襩,  䥪⨢ ⥬ -
⮢   મ.    쭠,   ।  ࠧ㬭
 ࠪ᪨   ⮩. ᫥ 1-2-  奬
⠪:
2     = ,   쭮 ᫠ .
3     = ,   ᫠.
3     =  ,  ᫨誮 ᨫ쭠  ⮣ ꥬ   3,
             3.
2NT/3 =  .
    ᫥     쭥 ⢥  -
  ॡ.  ᫨   ᯠᮢ  騥  3  
,    蠥 ,  ⨢ 砥 - -
 뢠 ࠫ . ⠫   襣 -
 ࢥ樨,  ⠪ ,   ᫨   ࠫ ࠫ
⥬ ⢥⮢.
    ,   㦭,  ⠫ 室 ࠭⢮  -
襩 ࣮.  ᬮਬ,   奬 㤥 ࠡ
 ਬ,   砫 ࠧ.

()  
     
     
     10
    塞 2  - ࠭  .  ᫨ ⭥   3,
뢠   ,  - .  ᫨    ,  
ᤥ  ,    ,  ࠩ , ⠢ 
.

()  
     
     
     10
       - 2,  ࠭. ᫨ ⭥  ⢥-
 3,  ᯠᮢ , ᫨  ࠥ ᯥ祭 -
, ᤥ 諥  - 3.      襭  
⠪  쭮,   ॡ  쭮
ᨫ ࢥ樨.   ⮬  ⭮ ᠬ ਭ 襭, 
   ⥬ 祭    .

()  
     
     
     10
     塞 2.  ᫨,   祭 宦, ⭥ ⢥-
 3,    த 3 - 祢  ⪠, 
⥬,  3  3NT.   ⥫쭠 ⥬!  
    ,   ,   - ,  -
 প .  ஡ த  ,  ࠫ-
묨 ⮤.

                           奬
                          ------------
     ᠬ ᥡ  ⮨⢠  ,  ⥯ 
ᬮ,   ࠡ⠥  㣨  .  -
,    ᫥ 1-2--?
    ,  3 - 騩 ᪠箪,    ࠢ ᫥
롨   묨 奬.

() 2 = 
    2 =  (ᨭ,   3  ).

() 2 = 
    2 = 
    ਭ樯  ࠭⢠   ,   奬
()   砥 ।⥫쭥.  -,  ᥣ ,
  室 㤥  ,   뢠.  ,  
,  ᠬ  ᮮࠦ,       -
⥫쭮 襭. -, 奬 ()  ⠭ 
ࠪ 2,    ࢨ஢襣 쭠 ,  
⭥ 㦥 ᮢ.
    ᬮॢ ࠧ  ᫥⥫쭮  ࣮-
, 室  ᫥饬 ᭮ ࠢ:   ⢥ 
મ 稭  -.      ⮬  
ਬ  稢,  .. 筮 ⮤,  
 ,   - 頥 . ਬ, 1-2--?, -
2  2 - ࠫ ,  2 - 뢠 䮢 . -
 ਢ  奬 ⢥⮢  મ. ,  મ
祭 *,  奬 ᯮ짮 ⮤  饭  ﬨ,
ᯮ騬 ॠ ࠭,       -
,    ࠢ,  ਬ,  
  ..

⨥     મ     ⢥  મ     祭
----------------------------------------------------------
1           2          2                   
                         2                   
                         3                   ꥬ
----------------------------------------------------------
1           2          2                    (ᨭ)
                         2                   
                         2                   ꥬ
----------------------------------------------------------
1           1*         2                    (ᨭ)
                         2                    (ᨭ)
                         2                   ꥬ
----------------------------------------------------------
1           2          2                   
                         2                   
                         2                   ꥬ
----------------------------------------------------------
1           1          2                    (ᨭ)
                         2                   
                         2                   ꥬ
----------------------------------------------------------
1           1*         1                   
                         2                   
                         2                   ꥬ
----------------------------------------------------------
1           1          2                   
                         2                   
                         2                   ꥬ
----------------------------------------------------------
1           1          1                    (ᨭ)
                         2                   
                         2                   ꥬ
----------------------------------------------------------
1           1          1                    (ᨭ)
                         1                    (ᨭ)
                         2                   ꥬ
----------------------------------------------------------
    ⥫ ⥫ ,    ⮩ 奬  
, 祬,   ⮣,    ஢ -
,   砫  ⮣,    ࠢ⥫쭮  䥪⨢.
, 奬 ᮤন  .  , -
祭 *,  襤訩  મ  ᯮ짮  ⭮⥫쭮  
࠭⢮ , ⠪  ⮬   ࠪ᪨  蠥
⠬,      ९ .  , 
祭 *, 饥 祭 ⭥ ⠢ ࢨ-
஢襬 讥 ࠭⢮       ஢ 2,
⮬  室   宩 樨.
     㡥 ᭠  ⮫쪮 । 奬 ⢥-
⮢  મ,    㦤 祭,   
, ⮡ ⥬ ࣮ ᫥ મ 뫠  -
䥪⨢.
    ᪮쪮  ਢ 奬  㡥,      ⮣,
।⠥   騥   騥 ⢥  -
. 뫮  祭 , ᫨ - ⪠    -
⮣ ᢮ .  ᥣ ।⠫  -
 ,  ⥬     ঠ ⢥ত 㡥, 
 -  ⨫   ᮫⭮ ॢ室  ⠫-
.  ࠧ,     ᥣ  ᤥ
롮  ᮮ⢥⢨  訬 ᨬﬨ.
      窨 ७, । 奬 -  ᮢ襭⢮-
 ਠ ଠ ⮤. ,   ⨯ ᪫-
,   奬 뢠 㦥,  祬  ⮤.  
ࠢୠ          મ   প 
 ⮢.     , ꥬ  ⭥
 2  ஢  룫廊   ਢ⥫쭮      
࠭.   ᨫ ,  筮,  ⢥, 
⮬  -,    ᨫ,  筮   (,
 ன -    -,  ⥬ ᤥ ᠩ-
  ᯠᮢ, ᫨ ⭥   㯥ᨫ)  -
,   , ⮡  ⠪ .

                      8.2 -࠭
                      -------------------
    ,  ਬ -- (   ꥬ    
஢ ⠬  ᢮    ᫥  મ  ⭠
-     ⭥)      ਬ-
     奬 ࠭ ⢥⮢  મ ⭥-
. ਬ, ᫥ 1-1-2-?
 = .
2     = .
2     = ᨫ쭮 ᮣᮢ .
     ७⭮ ࣮  ਬ ࠧ   ᫮-
 -࠭,     ᮡ  ᥩ 㦤.
    筮, ᫨  ࠥ -࠭,    室
⪠뢠  ⨢ ,  뢠,    -
।,    .  ,  ᫨  ਬ
--,   ᨫ쭮 㢥  䥪⨢,  -
 ࠭ .   ⮬ , ᫨   쭮 ᨫ-
 ,          ,
᭠砫  ,  ⮬   .

                 8.3 ⢥  뢭 
                 -----------------------------
       ਬ ࠭஢,  ஥   
 砫  ਤ ,  - ⢥  뢭 
⭥ ᫥  ⮢  1 ஢. ࠫ -
 ࠡ   ଠ쭮, ⢥ ஡  ⮬,
 ⢥   - -.   ࠧ,  
 㤠  ,  ᫨   - ⭥ ᤥ
㤮 ,       ᢮  
㤥 㦤  ⮣ ३ ஢ 3NT.   㣮 -
, ०,  祬 㤥 ᤥ ࢠ 뢠 ,  㤥
ﭮ ஬  ࠭⢮.       ࠭஢
 ?
       ⨯ ,  祭    
ᮧ 奬,  ᭮  ࠭.  -, 祢,
 쭠        -
ࠫ쭮, ⠪   㤥  ⠭    -
ࠪ  -. ஥, ⭮,  - 樮 䠪-
       ஢      ࠫ쭮.  
। ᫥ 奬, 뢠  ࠭祭.

1 -  -  - 1///NT = ⠭⭮ 祭
               2        = , ᨫ  㦥 ꥬ  ᪠窮
               2        = , ᨫ  㦥 ꥬ  ᪠窮
               2        = , ᨫ  㦥 ꥬ  ᪠窮
               2        = -
               2NT       = ࠫ쭮

1 -  -  - 1//NT/2 = ⠭⭮ 祭
               2//     = ࠭ (  )
               2NT        = ࠫ쭮
               3         = -

1 -  -  - 1/NT/2//NT = ࠫ쭮
               2//3       = ࠭
               3            = -

1 -  -  - 1NT/2///NT = ࠫ쭮
               2/3/       = ࠭
               3            = -

     ࢮ  鸞  奬  ந ᮡ ⫥-
. ,   ࠧ뢠  ࠪ  ᨫ쭮 㪨,
,   ࣮  稭    -,    ஬
࠭⢮.   ,        ⮬,    ᫥
-  ࠭⢮    㦭. 祬?  ⮬, 
࠭   㧭묨:   ⠭⭮ ⮩  8-10
窠     襩  ᨫ   饩 .  ⥫쭮,
- 뢠 ࠧ 襥 ⢮ ,  祬  
奬.
    ⠪,   ?  ।, ࣮ 砫
⠪: 1---?
(I)  
     
     
     10

(2)  
     
     10
     
 筮  ⥬ - -,   ࠭ -  2,  ⥬
 3   .

(3)  
     
     
     
,  ଠ쭮 ⥬ - -   2,    ⥬
- 3,    ᨫ  5- .

(4)  
     
     
     
㣮 砩 -  ଠ쭮 ⥬,  ⥯ - ࠧ
 ࠢ   ⥩     3.
     ࠧ,  ⮣, ⮡ ᭠砫  -,  -
⮬  ᢮ ,   ᭠砫 뢠 ᢮  ,  
⮬  -    뢠 . -
⢥ 砩,   -  ࠧ,  -      
,    .
    筮, ᫨ ਢ訩 த ࣮ ᫥ 릪
⢥,   訢  ,        祭
 ᫨   ᤥ  ᫥ 襣 ࠫ쭮 .
    ⢥     ᮪ ஢    ࠭
 ࠫ쭮.
     ,      ⮣,   , -
뢠 ஢,   ᨫ, 嬠 ,   
 ४ ⠪ ⮤. ਬ, 1---2, -2-
-2  뢠 - ⨯:
 10
 
 10
 
 ।   奬  ⨯:
 10
 
 10
 
 ,   ⮩ ண ⨯ ᫥  ஬ 㣥 ࣮
 -,   ᨫ.
    ᭮ 奬,   뫮 ભ, ⮫쪮 , 
   㡥 ਢথ ࠫ ⮤ 
ᮣ,     ॡ  ᨫ.
    ⪨ 奬     . ᪮-
  ᥣ ࠭஢  ᤥ   ,
  祣  , , ᫨   -  ࠭祭
,  ⭥  ᯠᮢ   ࠫ , 
: 1---2  ⮩:
 10
 10
 
 
,  ⪠   ⠪        롨
.
     ࠧ,  ⥯    奬 ⢥⮢   -
ࢥ ⭥,  ᭮    ਭ樯 ७ .
᪨,   ᠬ મ  ࠭,    ,
  ࢮ ஢,   㦭 ᯮ짮 筮 -
࠭⢮, ,  ਬ -, ᫮,   ࠭-
 릪 મ. ᫨ - ᮡࠥ  室 -
ன  ,   ன 筮 室 1NT,      ᤥ
릪 મ  ஢ 2 ࠭ࠬ.   ⮬ 砥 㤥
㤮 뢠  ,  ,    뢠 
᫨誮  ᨫ,  ,   , 騩 ꥬ, 
,  ᫨ 1-3 -  ,  1-2--2,-3 -
  ᨫ  .   ⠪ ⮤ -
 ⠪,   ࠢ, 㤥 뢠騩,   ᨫ쭠
   ⮫,  ᫥  ⪮.  ⮬
,   㡥,   ⮤  ⮫쪮   
ॠ쭮    ⨢  ॥ᨢ  ⮢.    ,
-०,  ࠧࠡ - ਥ 奬.

