



			 THE PAVLICEK SYSTEM



		   Last revision:  January 3, 1995



This file contains the current system agreements that I have with my 
expert partners -- most notably, Bill Root, my regular partner since 
1976, and more recently, with my son Rich Jr.


WARNING!  This system is beyond the scope of the teaching program of 
Richard Pavlicek and inappropriate for the great majority of players. 
It is intended primarily for serious tournament players, and also as 
a reference for system developers.


If you are a casual bridge player, I suggest you stop reading now so
you can devote your study to more beneficial material.


			- Richard Pavlicek



----------------------------------------------------------------------
|			    HOW  TO  PRINT			     |
|								     |
|  This file contains page breaks (form feeds) for easy printing on  |
|  8.5" x 11" (letter size) paper.  Set your printer for:	     |
|								     |
|		6 lines per inch				     |
|		10 characters per inch				     |
|		Non-proportional font (Courier, for example)	     |
|		Tab expansion every 8 characters		     |
|								     |
|  You may also need to adjust the top and left margins so the text  |
|  is centered on the page.					     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|                         COPYRIGHT  NOTICE			     |
|								     |
|  This material is copyrighted and may NOT be sold or published in  |
|  any form.  You may print up to ten (10) copies for your personal  |
|  use or among friends, however, it may NOT be used in conjunction  |
|  with any revenue-producing activity such as bridge teaching.	     |
|								     |
|  If you distribute this material to another person (by electronic  |
|  media, hard copy, or any other means), it must be done so in its  |
|  entirety (including this notice) without alteration.		     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------


CONTENTS							      2
--------

Abbreviations Used			    4

Basic Approach				    4

Balanced Notrump Openings		    5
	Notrump Structure		    5
	Puppet Stayman			  6-9
	Jacoby Transfer			10-11
	Minor Suit Stayman		12-13
	Minor Suit Transfers		   13
	Splinter Responses		   14
	Three Diamonds 5-5 in Majors	   15
	Texas Transfer			   15
	Enemy Interference		   16

One-Level Suit Openings			   17
	One-Over-One Structure		   17
	Rebids by Responder		   18
	Opener's Third Bid		   19
	Responder's Third Bid		   20
	Rebids after a 1 NT Rebid	21-22
	Rebids after a 2 NT Jump Rebid	23-24
	Notrump Responses to Minor	   24
	One Notrump Forcing		25-26
	Two-Over-One Response to Major	   27
	Two Clubs over One Diamond	   28
	Inverted Minor Raises		   28
	Direct Major Raises		   29
	Weak Jump Shift Responses	   29
	Two Notrump Response		   30
	Major Suit Game Tries		   31
	Opener's Reverse Bid		   32
	Fourth Suit Bids in General	33-34
	Passed Hand Modifications	   35
	Reverse Drury			   36

Competitive after One of a Suit		   37
	After a Takeout Double		   37
	After a Suit Overcall		   38
	Negative Doubles		39-40
	After a Two-Suited Overcall	   40
	Competitive Rebids		   41
	Cue-Bids as Rebids		   42
	Competitive Doubles		43-44
	Cooperative Doubles		44-45
	After a One Notrump Overcall	   45
	Actions when Responder Passes	   46

Two-Level and Higher Openings		   47
	Two Club Opening		47-49
	Weak Two Bids			50-51
	Preemptive Openings		   52
	Three Notrump Opening		   53


CONTENTS (cont)							      3
---------------

Defense to One of a Suit		   54
	Takeout Doubles			54-55
	Suit Overcalls			56-57
	Weak Jump Overcalls		   57
	Good Jump Overcalls		   57
	Notrump Overcalls		   57
	Unusual Notrump Overcall	   58
	Michaels Cue-Bid		   59
	Three-Level Cue-Bid Overcall	   60
	After Two Enemy Bids		61-62
	Balancing Actions		   62
	Additional Agreements		   63

Miscellaneous Defensive Bidding		   64
	Defense to One Notrump		   64
	Runout Defense			   65
	Astro Structure			66-67
	Standard Defense		   67
	Defense to Two/Three Notrump	   68
	Defense to Weak Openings	69-70
	Defense to Four of a Major	   70
	Defense to Artificial Openings	   71
	Defense to Transfer Bids	   72
	Junkyard Defense		   73
	Lead-Directing Doubles		   74

Slam Bidding Methods			   75
	General Approach		   75
	Control-Showing Bids		   76
	Blackwood			   77
	Gerber				   78
	Key-Card Responses		   79
	Key-Card Continuations		   80
	Void-Showing over Blackwood	   81
	Voluntary Bid of Five		   82
	Trump Asking Bids		   83
	4 NT Response for Takeout	   84
	Five Notrump Bids		   85
	Splinter Raises			   86
	Non-Raise Splinter Bids		   86
	Splinter Asking Bid		   87
	Control Asking Bid		   87

Defensive Carding			   88
	Leads Against Suits		   88
	Leads Against Notrump		   89
	Count Signals			   90
	Suit Preference Signals		   91
	The Wakeup Signal		   91
	Second Plays in the Same Suit	   92
	Miscellaneous Agreements	   93


ABBREVIATIONS USED						      4
------------------

The following abbreviations are used in these notes:

	F		forcing
	NF		nonforcing
	I		invitational
	GF		game-forcing
	M		major suit
	m		minor suit
	u		unbid (hence, um = unbid minor)
	X, Y		an unbid suit
	R		red suit (D or H)
	P		pass
	Dbl		double
	Act		bid or double
	Any		pass, bid or double
	Rdbl		redouble
	Rel		relay
	Xfr		transfer
	Cue		cue-bid in enemy suit
	J		jump
	DJ		double jump
	JS		jump shift
	FS		fourth suit

Note: Strength requirements, unless specifically designated as HCP
(high-card points), are presumed to be HCP for natural notrump bids, 
or total points (distributional included) for all other bids.



BASIC APPROACH
--------------

Opening bid structure:

	1 C, 1 D	13-22; 3+ cards
	1 H, 1 S	13-22; 5+ cards
	1 NT		15-17; balanced
	2 C		23+; artificial; F
	2 D, 2 H, 2 S	5-11 HCP; weak two-bid
	2 NT		20-22; balanced
	3 of suit	weak
	3 NT		good preempt; any suit; 8 1/2+ tricks; F
	4 of suit	weak
	4 NT		Blackwood
	5 C, 5 D	weak
	5 NT		minor-suit freak


								      5



		      BALANCED NOTRUMP OPENINGS



NOTRUMP STRUCTURE
-----------------

An opening bid of 1 NT shows 15 to 17 HCP and a balanced hand. 
It is permissible to have a 5 card major suit provided the hand is 
otherwise suitable for notrump. Off-shape hands (5-4-2-2 or 6-3-2-2) 
are allowable when each doubleton contains an honor.

1 NT	P	?

	2 C		Puppet Stayman
	2 D, 2 H	Jacoby transfer
	2 S		minor-suit Stayman
	2 NT, 3 C	minor-suit transfer
	3 D		5-5 in majors; GF
	3 H, 3 S	splinter; 3 suited slam try
	3 NT		sign-off
	4 C		Gerber
	4 D, 4 H	Texas transfer
	4 S (rare)	sign-off
	4 NT		quantitative


An opening of 2 NT is similar in nature to 1 NT, but 20 to 22 HCP.

2 NT	P	?

	3 C		Puppet Stayman
	3 D, 3 H	Jacoby transfer
	3 S		minor-suit Stayman
	3 NT		sign-off
	4 C		Gerber
	4 D, 4 H	Texas transfer
	4 S (rare)	sign-off
	4 NT		quantitative


PUPPET STAYMAN							      6
--------------

The 2 C response to 1 NT is a modified version of "puppet" Stayman. 
Responder must have at least game interest unless he is able to pass 
opener's rebid of 2 D, 2 H or 2 S.

1 NT	P	2 C	P
?

	2 D		relay (usually no 5-card major)
	2 H, 2 S	5 card suit

1 NT	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	?

	2 H		exactly 4 spades or no major interest
	2 S		exactly 4 hearts
	2 NT		4-4 or 5-4 in majors; I
	3 C		5-4 or 6-4 in majors; GF
	3 D		4-4 in majors; GF
	3 H		5+ <clubs>; no 4 card major; slam try
	3 S		5+ <diamonds>; no 4 card major; slam try
	3 NT		sign-off (was looking for 5 card major)
	4 C		Gerber

Memory aid: After the 2 D relay, responder's next suit bid is 
always artificial. Note that a bid of 2 H or 2 S denies interest 
in the major bid and also denies five cards in the major shown.

1 NT	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	2 M	P
?

	2 S		spade fit*; minimum; NF
	2 NT		no fit; minimum; NF
	3 C		no fit; maximum
	3 H		heart fit; minimum; NF
	3 S		spade fit*; maximum
	4 H		heart fit; maximum

*if responder has 4 spades

1 NT	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	2 NT	P
?

	Pass		no major fit; minimum
	3 C		relay; maximum; responder bids <shorter>
			major (Smolen) or 3 NT with 4-4
	3 H, 3 S	that fit; minimum
	3 NT		maximum (no interest in 5-3 fit)
	4 H, 4 S	that fit; maximum


								      7
1 NT	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	3 C	P
?

	3 D		relay; responder then bids <shorter> major
				(Smolen style)
	3 H, 3 S	that fit*
	3 NT		no interest in 5-3 fit; if responder bids
				again it is natural

*If responder has slam interest, he may continue with a minor-suit 
splinter, opposite major (natural) or key card Blackwood.

1 NT	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	2 M	P
Fit	P	?

	2 NT, 3 NT	corrective*; NF
	3 C, 3 D	5+ cards; slam try
	Unfit major	ambiguous slam try
	3 S (fit)	trump-quality concern; I
	4 C, 4 D	splinter; slam try
	4 H over 2 S	splinter; slam try
	4 fit		sign-off
	4 NT		key card Blackwood (fit suit key)

*denies spade fit; 3 NT offers choice of game after heart fit

1 NT	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	2 M	P
No Fit	P	?

	3 C, 3 D	5+ cards; 4 card major; GF
	3 H*		4 <clubs;> 4 card major; slam try
	3 S		4 <diamonds;> 4 card major; slam try
	3 NT		sign-off
	4 C over 2 NT	Gerber
	4 NT		quantitative

*If 3 C is not available (i.e., if opener bid 3 C) then 3 H shows 5+ clubs
and 4 C shows exactly 4 clubs.


								      8
After interference:

All doubles or redoubles by either player are for penalty.

If responder's L-H-O doubles 2 C or bids 2 D, the structure is 
unchanged (assuming no further enemy bid). Opener should make his 
normal rebid or pass, double or redouble. If responder rebids 2 D 
it is to play (he would have passed 2 D).

If either opponent bids 2 H or higher (after the Stayman 2 C 
bid), the structure is off and the bidding reverts to a natural 
style. If opener cannot make his normal rebid, he should pass or 
double. If responder bids a major suit, he shows 4 cards in that 
suit (3 H could be both majors after a 3 C or 3 D overcall); this 
is invitational at 2 S or forcing at the 3-level. Opener may 
raise, return to notrump, or show the other major if appropriate.

1 NT	P	2 C	2 H up
P/D	P	?

	2 S		4 spades; I
	2 NT		invitational (ambiguous over 2 S)
	3 m		5+ cards; GF
	3 M		4 cards; GF
	cue		asks for stopper
	3 NT		sign-off


Over 2 NT:

The use of puppet Stayman after 2 NT is almost identical to after 
1 NT, although any bid that commits the partnership past 3 NT with 
no assured major fit promises slam interest.

2 NT	P	3 C	P
3 D	P	?

	3 H		exactly 4 spades or no major interest
	3 S		exactly 4 hearts
	3 NT		4-4 or 5-4 majors; choice of games; NF
	4 C		5-4 or 6-4 majors*; slam try (4 D relays
				then shape is shown Smolen style)
	4 D		4-4 in majors; slam try
	4 H		5+ <clubs>; no 4 card major; slam try
	4 S		5+ <diamonds>; no 4 card major; slam try
	4 NT		quantitative
	5 C		Gerber

*Note that with 6-4 majors and no slam interest, responder should just 
transfer to his 6 card major and ignore 4 card major.


								      9
2 NT	P	3 C	P
3 D	P	3 M	P
?

	3 S		spade fit (if responder has 4 spades)
	3 NT		no fit
	4 C		heart fit; maximum (responder should bid 4 D
				as <transfer> to play in 4 H)
	4 H		heart fit; minimum

2 NT	P	3 C	P
3 D	P	3 M	P
Fit	P	?

	3 NT		sign-off (denies spade fit)
	Cheapest suit	ambiguous; slam try in fit
	Other suit	splinter; slam try
	4 NT		key card Blackwood (fit suit key)

2 NT	P	3 C	P
3 D	P	3 M	P
3 NT	P	?

	4 C, 4 D	5+ cards; 4 card major; slam try
	4 H		4 <clubs;> 4 card major; slam try
	4 S		4 <diamonds;> 4 card major; slam try
	4 NT		quantitative
	5 C		Gerber


When opener shows a 5 card major:

1 NT	P	2 C	P
2 M	P	?

	(or)

2 NT	P	3 C	P
3 M	P	? 

	2 S		4 spades (weak minor, no fit for M); I
	2 NT, 3 M	natural; I
	3 NT, 4 M	sign-off
	other M (3+)	raise of M; slam try
	nonjump C or D	5+ cards (does not deny fit); GF
	jump 4 x	splinter raise; slam try
	4 NT		quantitative
	5 C		Gerber


JACOBY TRANSFER							     10
---------------

The 2 D response to a 1 NT opening shows at least 5 hearts; 2 H 
shows at least 5 spades. Rebids by opener: (M = major shown)

1 NT	P	Xfr	any
?

	2 M		nondescript; except over a double shows
				3+ trumps and happy with lead
	Pass enemy act	nondescript; usual action
	Rdbl		penalty suggestion
	3 M jump	maximum; 4+ trumps
	3 M nonjump	good to max; 3+ trumps

Rebids by responder:

1 NT	P	Xfr	P
2 M	P	?

	2 S over 2 H	5-5 majors; I
	3 C, 3 D	4+ cards; GF
	3 M		6+ card major (rare 5); I
	3 other M, 4 m	6+ card major; splinter
	4 M		6+ card major; no splinter; slam
				invitation (NF)
	2 NT		5 card major; I
	3 NT		5 card major; choice of game
	4 NT		5 card major; quantitative
	5 NT		choice of slam; F

Opener's third bid:

1 NT	P	Xfr	P
2 M	P	3 m	P
?

	Shown suit	fit showing
	Jump shown	good fit; prime values
	Unshown suit	strength; implies minor fit
	3 NT		no fit or "wrong" cards

Responder's third bid:

1 NT	P	Xfr	P
2 M	P	3 m	P
any	P	?

	3 M		6+ cards or strong 5
	3 NT, 4 M, 5 m	no slam interest; NF
	4 m		5-5; slam try
	Unshown suit	splinter; slam try
	4 NT		natural unless opener raised major
				(then Blackwood)


Over 2 NT:							     11

The 3 D response to a 2 NT opening shows at least 5 hearts; 3 H shows
at least 5 spades. Opener may jump to game (rare) with a maximum and 
an excellent fit, but generally he will complete the transfer. 
Rebids by responder:

2 NT	P	Xfr	P
3 M	P	?

	3 S over 3 H	5-5 majors; slam try
	4 H over 3 S	5-5 majors; choice of game
	4 C, 4 D	4+ cards; slam try
	4 M		6+ card major; slam try; NF
	Jump shift	6+ card major; splinter
	3 NT		5 card major; choice of game
	4 NT		5 card major; quantitative
	5 NT		choice of slam; F

Opener's third bid:

2 NT	P	Xfr	P
3 M	P	4 m	P
?

	Shown suit	discourages slam; NF
	Unshown suit	strength showing; implies minor fit
	4 NT		discourages slam; NF

Responder's third bid:

2 NT	P	Xfr	P
3 M	P	4 m	P
any	P	?

	4 M, 5 m	discourages slam; NF
	Unshown suit	splinter
	4 NT		natural unless opener raised major
				(then Blackwood)

Transfer bypass:

If opener jumps in responder's major (bypasses the transfer) to show a
maximum hand with an exceptional fit, responder's rebids are changed:

1 NT	P	Xfr	P
3 M	P	?

	Pass, 4 M	sign-off
	New suit	splinter; slam try
	3 NT		no splinter; slam try; F
	4 NT		Blackwood

2 NT	P	Xfr	P
4 M	P	?

	5 M		no splinter; slam try
	Other		as previous auction


MINOR SUIT STAYMAN						     12
------------------

The 2 S response to 1 NT promises at least 5-4 in the minor suits 
(may be 4-4 if slam try) and at least game-invitational strength.

1 NT	P	2 S	P
?

	2 NT, 3 C, 3 D	minimum; NF
	3 H, 3 S	strength in suit; max; GF
	3 NT		maximum; NF
	4 C, 4 D	pure values; max; GF

1 NT	P	2 S	P
2 NT	P	?

	3 C, 3 D	5+ cards; NF
	3 H, 3 S	splinter; slam try
	4 C, 4 D	5+ cards; slam try
	3 NT		sign-off
	4 NT		quantitative

1 NT	P	2 S	P
3 m	P	?

	3 H, 3 S	splinter; slam try
	Other minor	5+ cards; GF
	Raise to 4	freak; I
	3 NT		choice of game
	4 NT		quantitative

1 NT	P	2 S	P
3 NT	P	?

	4 C, 4 D	5+ cards; slam try
	4 H, 4 S	splinter; slam try
	4 NT		quantitative

1 NT	P	2 S	P
3 M	P	?

	4 C, 4 D	5+ cards; not necessarily
				a slam try; F
	Major raise	3 trumps; choice of game
	Other major	splinter; slam try
	3 NT		short in bid major; NF
	4 NT		quantitative

The 3 S response to 2 NT shows at least 4-4 in the minors and 
promises slam interest.

2 NT	P	3 S	P
?

	3 NT		no fit or "wrong" hand
	4 C, 4 D	fit showing
	4 NT		maximum; no fit; I


								     13
2 NT	P	3 S	P
Bid	P	?

	4 C, 4 D	5+ cards
	4 H, 4 S	splinter
	4 NT		quantitative



MINOR SUIT TRANSFERS
--------------------

After a 1 NT opening, a response of 2 NT or 3 C shows at least 6 
cards in the next higher minor suit. This does not apply over 2 NT.

1 NT	P	Xfr	P
3 m	P	?

	Pass		bust hand
	New suit	splinter; slam try
	3 NT		no splinter; mild try; NF
	4 NT		no splinter; quantitative
	Raise to 4	freak; I
	Raise to 5	freak; gambling

Note: To invite game in notrump it is necessary to use Puppet 
Stayman (which does not promise major interest) and then rebid 
2 H over the 2 D relay.


SPLINTER RESPONSES						     14
------------------

After a 1 NT opening, a response of 3 H or 3 S shows a 3-suited 
hand (4-4-4-1 or 5-4-4-0) short in the major bid with interest in 
slam. This does not apply over 2 NT.

1 NT	P	3 M	P
?

	Suit bid	fit showing
	3 NT		no fit or "wrong" cards

1 NT	P	3 M	P
Suit	P	?

	Raise		minimal slam interest; NF
	Other suit	control-showing; 4 M = void
	4 NT		natural if minor fit (implies singleton
				A, K or Q); NF
			Blackwood if major fit

1 NT	P	3 M	P
3 NT	P	?

	4 C		artificial; opener is urged to show
				any suit fit; F
	4 M		5 card club suit
	4 other suit	5 cards; NF in major
	4 NT		quantitative

1 NT	P	3 M	Dbl
?

	Rdbl		strong 4-5 cards; to play
	Pass		no 4+ fit; doubts about 3 NT
	Other		as without double

In subsequent bidding 4 NT is Blackwood only if opener has 
indicated a major-suit fit; otherwise 4 NT is natural.


THREE DIAMONDS 5-5 IN MAJORS					     15
----------------------------

The 3 D response to 1 NT shows at least 5-5 in the majors and 
game-forcing values. This does not apply over 2 NT.

1 NT	P	3 D	any
?

	3 H, 3 S	normal action; indicates better fit
	3 NT		natural; extreme strength in minors
	4 C, 4 D	excellent fit (either major); no control
				in <other> minor
	4 H, 4 S	excellent fit; both minor-suit aces
	Rdbl		penalty suggestion

1 NT	P	3 D	any
any	any	?

	3 H, 3 S	natural (rare)
	3 NT		natural (honors in short suits); NF
	4 C, 4 D	splinter; slam interest
	4 H, 4 S	game interest only; NF
	4 NT		natural over 3 NT
			Blackwood otherwise



TEXAS TRANSFER
--------------

The 4 D response to a 1 NT or 2 NT opening shows at least 6 
hearts; 4 H shows at least 6 spades. (M = major shown)

1 NT	P	Xfr	any
?
	(or)
2 NT	P	Xfr	any
?

	4 M		routine; happy with lead over double
	Pass Dbl	routine; no desire for lead
	5 M over bid	natural; good fit; good cards

Rebids by responder:

1 NT	P	Xfr	P
4 M	P	?

	(or)
2 NT	P	Xfr	P
4 M	P	?

	Pass		routine sign-off in game
	New suit	void splinter; slam try
	4 NT		Blackwood
	5 M		freak; I
	5 NT		trump asking


ENEMY INTERFERENCE						     16
------------------

1 NT	Dbl	?
2 NT	Dbl	?

	Redouble	rescue with one minor; opener should bid clubs
	Other		entire system on

After an enemy suit overcall, a different structure is incorporated as 
described below. Competitive transfer bids show game interest if suit 
could be bid naturally at the 2-level; else they may be weak.

1 NT	2 X	?
1 NT	3 X	?
2 NT	3 X	?

	Pass		forcing after 2 NT opening; opener
				should usually double (optional)
 	Double		penalty at 2-level
			negative at 3-level
	2 of suit	takeout if shown by enemy
				natural if not shown; NF
	2 NT thru 3 H	transfer to suit above, or "Stayman" if next
				higher suit was <naturally bid>
				(not implied) by the overcaller
	3 S		asks for stopper in enemy shown suit
	3 NT		sign-off
	4 C		Gerber (even if nonjump)
	4 D, 4 H	transfer to major above, or splinter slam try
				if next higher suit is enemy suit
	4 NT		quantitative

1 NT	2 NT*	?	*showing minors

	Double		creates forcing auction
 	3 C		Stayman (not puppet)
 	Other		as above

Rebids by opener:

1 NT	Bid	Xfr	P
?
	Complete Xfr	normal action
	Jump raise	maximum; good fit 
	3 NT		maximum; good stopper

1 NT	2 X	Sta	P
?
	Cue-bid		no stopper; no unbid major
	3 unbid major	4+ cards
	3 NT		stopper; no unbid major

1 NT	Bid	3 S	P
?
	3 NT		stopper in enemy suit
	4 of suit	4+ cards; no stopper; NF
	Cue-bid		maximum; no stopper; GF


								     17



			ONE-LEVEL SUIT OPENINGS



ONE-OVER-ONE STRUCTURE
----------------------

A 1-level suit response to an opening bid of 1 C, 1 D or 1 H 
shows 6+ points and 4+ cards in the suit bid. Respond up-the-line 
with 4 card suits, except a 4 or 5 card diamond suit may be 
suppressed if strength is minimal (6-10 points) or if another 
response is more descriptive.

1 X	P	1 Y	P
?

	New suit	13-18; 4+ cards
	Reverse		17+; 4+ cards; F
	Jump new suit	19+; 4+ (rare 3) cards; GF
	Jump reverse	19+; at least 4-6 shape; GF
	DJ new suit	19+; splinter raise
	1 NT		12-14; balanced
	2 NT		18-19; balanced; I
	3 NT		16-19; good 6+ cards in X; usually
				singleton in Y
	2 X		13-15; 6+ cards or 5 cards in minor
				if no alternative
	3 X		16-18; 6+ cards; I
	4 X (minor)	shape raise (4-6, 4-7); F
	4 X (hearts)	19+; 7+ (strong 6); NF
	2 Y		13-15; usually 4 trumps
	3 Y		16-18; 4 trumps; I
	4 Y (major)	19+; 4 trumps; no splinter


REBIDS BY RESPONDER						     18
-------------------

After a 1-over-1 response and opener's nonjump, nonreverse suit 
rebid, the following rebidding structure applies:

1 m	P	1 R	P
1 M	P	?

	4th suit*	11+; artificial; F
	Other nonjump	6-10; NF
	Jump 4th suit	13+; 5-5 or 6-4; GF
	Other jump	13+; GF
	DJ 4th suit	16+; splinter raise
	4 opened minor	16+; splinter raise (of M)
	Game bid	13-15; poor slam values; NF

*1 S may be 6-10 with 4 spades

1 R	P	1 M	P
2 m	P	?

	4th suit	11+; artificial; F
	2 R, 2 M	6-10; NF
	2 NT		10-12; I
	3 m, 3 R, 3 M	13+; GF
	3-level JFS	13+; 5-5 or 6-4; GF
	3 NT		13-16; NF
	4-level JFS	16+; splinter raise
	4 M		13-15; poor slam values; NF

1 X	P	1 Y	P
2 X	P	?

	New suit	11+; semi-artificial; F
	2 Y		6-10; NF
	2 NT		10-12; I
	3 X		13+; GF if minor; I if hearts
	3 Y		13+; GF
	3-level JS	13+; 5-5 or 6-4; GF
	3 NT		13-16; NF
	4-level JS	16+; splinter raise
	Game in major	13-15; no slam interest; NF

Especially note:

Responder's raise to three of a minor suit is game-forcing (except 
by a passed hand or if either opponent has bid).  If responder wants 
to invite game, he must bid a third suit (improvising if necessary)
after which his next non-jump bid will be invitational.


OPENER'S THIRD BID						     19
------------------

After the fourth suit force, opener should describe his hand 
naturally according to this general structure:

1 R	P	1 M	P
2 m	P	2 X	P
?

	2 NT or lower	bare minimum; NF
	Nonjump 3-lev	any strength; F
	Jump		15+ (good 14); GF

1 m	P	1 R	P
1 S	P	2 X	P
?

	2 S		at least 4-5 shape; F
	Other		as previous auction

These two sequences are unique:

1 C	P	1 D	P
1 H	P	1 S	P
?

	Nonjump		13-15; NF
	Jump		16-18; I

1 H	P	1 S	P
2 D	P	3 C	P
?

	3 S		any strength; 3 spades; F
	3 D		nondescript; bare minimum without 3 spades; NF
	Other		15+ (good 14); GF

After the third suit force, opener should rebid naturally 
according to the following two structures:

1 m	P	1 X	P
2 m	P	2 Y	P
?

	2 X, 2 NT, 3 m	bare minimum; NF
	2 S new suit	any strength; implies ace; F
	Other nonjump	any strength; F
	Jump		15 (good 14); GF

1 R	P	1 M	P
2 R	P	3 m	P
?

	3 M		any strength; 3 cards; F
	3 D new suit	any strength; F
	3 R		bare minimum; nondescript; no 3 cards in M; NF
	Other		15 (good 14); GF


RESPONDER'S THIRD BID						     20
---------------------

Responder need not bid again after the third or fourth suit force 
when opener has shown a bare minimum. If responder does bid again 
he names the final strain. If this is a nonjump below game, responder 
shows an invitational-range hand. A jump below game is forcing.


Other notes:

1. Rebidding the fourth suit (or third suit) shows at least 5-5 
shape. This is invitational at the 3-level; game-forcing at the 
4-level.

2. If opener has raised the fourth suit (or third suit) or 
indicated a 3-card preference for responder's first suit, this 
does not constitute suit agreement; it simply describes opener's 
hand. It is still up to responder to select the final strain.

3. After a third suit force, if responder bids the fourth suit 
this is game-forcing and implies the ace in that suit.


REBIDS AFTER 1 NT REBID						     21
-----------------------

When opener rebids 1 NT, the following two structures apply:

1 C	P	1 D	P
1 NT	P	?

	2 C*		11+; artificial; F
	2 D		sign-off
	2 H, 2 S	at least 4-5; GF
	2 NT		11-12; I
	3 C, 3 D	13+; GF
	3 H, 3 S	16+; splinter; GF

*There is no sign-off in clubs on this auction

1 X	P	1 M	P
1 NT	P	?

	New minor*	11+; artificial; F
	2 X, 2 M	sign-off
	2 H new suit	no game interest; NF
	2 S new suit	at least 4-5; GF
	2 NT		11-12; I
	3 X, 3 M	13+; GF
	3 m, 3 H JS	13+; at least 5-5; GF
	3 S JS		16+; splinter; GF

*Bid better minor after a 1 H opening

Memory aid: Responder's 3-level jump-shift rebid is a splinter 
only if a lower bid in the same suit would be game-forcing. Else 
it is natural (5-5 or 6-4).

Opener's third bid:

After the artificial 2 C or new minor force, opener should bid in 
the priority listed below:

1 C	P	1 D	P
1 NT	P	2 C	P
?

	2 H*, 2 S*	min or max; 4 cards
	2 NT		min; majors stopped
	3 NT		max; majors stopped
	2 D		min; 3 cards
	3 D		max; 3 cards
	3 C		min or max; 5 cards

*Plus other major stopped; else would not rebid 1 NT


								     22
1 X	P	1 M	P
1 NT	P	2 m	P
?

	2 H new suit	min or max; 4 cards
	2 M		min; 3 cards
	3 M		max; 3 cards
	2 NT		min; unbid suit stopped
	3 NT		max; unbid suit stopped
	Other		min or max; natural


After the artificial 2 C or new minor force, responder is not 
required to bid again if opener has confirmed a minimum. When 
responder does bid again, these structures apply:

1 C	P	1 D	P
1 NT	P	2 C	P
Bid	P	?

	New major	stopper or ace; 5+ D; GF
	Other NJ	game I in that strain; NF
	J new major	splinter; GF
	Other jump	natural; GF

1 X	P	1 M	P
1 NT	P	2 m	P
Bid	P	?

	New suit	natural or stopper; GF
	Bid suit	game I in that strain; NF
	2 NT*		5 cards in M; I
	3 NT*		5 cards in M; NF
	Jump new suit	splinter; GF
	Jump bid suit	natural; GF

*Opener has option to play notrump with 5-3 major fit

A special case:

1 m	P	1 S	P
1 NT	P	2um	P
Bid	P	?

	2 S* over 2 H	5 spades; F
	New H bid	5-5 in majors; I
	Other		as previous auction

*Opener must bid 2 NT or 3 S with a minimum. If 2 NT, responder's 
next bid if any follows 3rd-round format.


REBIDS AFTER 2 NT JUMP REBID					     23
----------------------------

When opener rebids 2 NT (18-19 HCP) after a 1-level suit response,
the following structure, similar to that after 1 NT, applies:

1 C	P	1 D	P
2 NT	P	?

	3 C		artificial; GF
	3 D, 3 H, 3 S	natural; slam try

1 m	P	1 M	P
2 NT	P	?

	New minor	artificial; GF
	3 m		natural; GF
	Other suit	natural; slam try

1 H	P	1 S	P
2 NT	P	?

	3 C, 3 D	better minor; GF
	3 H		natural; GF
	3 S		natural; slam try

Opener's third bid:

After the artificial 3 C or new minor force, opener should bid in 
this general priority:

1 X	P	1 Y	P
2 NT	P	3 m	P
?

	3 new major	4 cards
	3 Y		3 cards (optional in D)
	3 X		5 cards (if hearts suggests weakness
				in unbid minor)
	3 NT		none of above or option

Responder's third bid:

1 X	P	1 Y	P
2 NT	P	3 m	P
Bid	P	?

	3 Y		5 good cards
	New suit	ace or splinter; slam try
	3 NT		5 cards in Y; NF
	4 opened minor	natural; slam try
	4 m		5-5 shape; slam try
	Game		sign-off


								     24
A special case:

1 m	P	1 S	P
2 NT	P	3 um	P
Bid	P	?

	3 H		5-5 majors; no slam interest
	4 H over 3 NT	5-5 majors; no slam interest
	Other		as previous auction



NOTRUMP RESPONSES TO MINOR
--------------------------

The 1 NT response to 1 C or 1 D shows 6-10 HCP and it denies a 4 
card major suit. It is nonforcing.

1 m	P	1 NT	P
?

	2 C after 1 D	13-18; 4+ cards
	Reverse		17+; 4+ (rare 3) cards; F
	3 C after 1 D	19+; 4+ (rare 3) cards; GF
	Jump reverse	19+; at least 4-6 shape; GF
	2 NT		16-18; I
	2 m		13-15; 6+ cards
	3 m		16-18; 6+ cards; I

The 2 NT response to 1 C or 1 D shows 15+ HCP. See separate topic.

The 3 NT response to 1 C or 1 D shows 13-14 HCP and it denies a 
4 card major suit. If opener bids again:

1 m	P	3 NT	P
?

	4 C after 1 D	4+ cards; GF
	4 m		6+ cards; GF
	Other suit	4+ cards; unbalanced; slam try
	4 NT		quantitative
	5 m		slam I (see Voluntary Bid of Five)


ONE NOTRUMP FORCING						     25
-------------------

The 1 NT response to 1 H or 1 S shows 6-14 HCP (it may be less 
with a trump fit) and denies 4 spades after 1 H. It is forcing.

1 M	P	1 NT	P
?

	2 C, 2 D	13-18; 3+ cards
	2 S after 1 H	19+ with 4-5 shape or 16+ with 4-6; F
	3 S after 1 H	minimum; 5-6 shape; NF
	4 H after 1 S	minimum; 6-5 shape
	4 C, 4 D	19+; 3 cards w/honor; 7 cards in M
				(broken); F
	4 M		19+; excellent suit
	Other		standard

Rebids by responder:

1 M	P	1 NT	P
2 m	P	?

	New suit	6-10; 5+ cards (3 C = 6+); NF
	2 M		6-10 with doubleton or 4-7 with 3+
	2 S after 1 H	12+ raise of m (then 2 NT or 3 m by
				opener is NF)
	2 NT		11-12 (good 10); I
	3 m		9-11; 4+ cards (usually 5); I
	JS below 3 M	13+ value-raise* of m (then 4 m by
				opener is NF)
	3 M		11-12 (good 10); 3 trumps; I
	JS above 3 M	13+ value-raise* of M
	3 NT		13-14; balanced; NF
	4 m		freakish; 6+ trumps; I
	4 M		12-14; 3 trumps; unslammish

*A value-raise shows normal trump support for opener's suit, usually
with the king or queen in the suit bid; further, if just one unbid
suit remains, this implies no secondary honors in the unbid suit.

1 S	P	1 NT	P
2 H	P	?

	3 C, 3 D	6-10; 6+ cards; NF
	3 H		9-11; 4+ trumps; I
	4 C, 4 D	13+ value-raise of H
	4 H		9-12; usually 5 trumps
	Other		as previous auction

1 M	P	1 NT	P
2 M	P	?

	3 M		2+ trumps; I
	2 S after 1 H	at least 5-5 in minors; limit bidding follows
	Jump shift	13+ value-raise of M
	4 M		sign-off
	Other		as previous auction


								     26
1 H	P	1 NT	P
2 S	P	?

	2 NT		weakness or waiting; F
	3 C, 3 D	5+ cards; GF
	3 H		10+; 3 trumps; GF
	3 S		10+; 3 trumps w/honor; GF
	3 NT		10-12; minors stopped
	4 C, 4 D	10+; value-raise of H

1 M	P	1 NT	P
2 NT	P	?

	3 C, 3 D, 3 M	sign-off attempt
	3 H after 1 S	5+ cards; F
	3 S after 1 H	at least 5-5 in minors; limit bidding follows
	Jump shift	13+ value-raise of M

1 M	P	1 NT	P
3 m	P	?

	New suit	5+ cards
	3 M		weak hand (assumed) or 13+
	3 S after 1 H	11+ raise of m
	4 m		weak raise
	Jump shift	11+ value-raise of m
	4 M		10-12; slam invitation

1 S	P	1 NT	P
3 H	P	?

	3 S		weak hand (assumed) or 13+
	4 C, 4 D	6+ cards; F
	4 H		weak raise
	4 S		10-12; slam invitation
	5 C, 5 D	11+ value-raise of H

1 M	P	1 NT	P
3 M	P	?

	3 S		at least 5-5 in minors; limit bidding follows
	4 C, 4 D	6+ cards; F
	4 H after 1 S	6+ cards; NF
	Jump shift	11+ value-raise of M


TWO-OVER-ONE RESPONSE TO MAJOR					     27
------------------------------

The 2-over-1 response to 1 H or 1 S shows at least 13 points with 
5+ cards (rarely, a good 4 card minor), or 11-12 points with 6+ 
cards in the suit bid. This is game-forcing unless responder 
rebids the same suit at his next turn.

1 M	P	2 m	P
?

	New suit	natural; reverse does not show extra
	2 M		6+ or strong 5 cards
	2 NT		12-14 or 18+; natural
	3 NT		15-17; natural
	3 m		3+ cards (not 3 small)
	3 M		13+ HCP; 6+ card solid suit or K-Q-J-10-x-x
	Jump shift	16+; splinter raise
	4 m		minimum opening; 5-5 shape

1 S	P	2 H	P
?

	3 H		3+ cards (not 3 small)
	4 H		16-18; 3+ cards (not 3 small)
	Other		as previous auction

Rebids by responder:

1 M	P	2 X	P
Bid	P	?

	2 NT		13-14 or 18+; natural
	3 NT jump	15-17; natural
	3 NT nonjump	13-17; natural
	New suit	natural (4th suit is suspect)
	Rebid X		6+ cards; I (only non-GF)
	Raise, pref	13+; natural
	Jump shift	16+; splinter raise
	Jump X		13+; 7+ or strong 6 cards; GF
	Other jump	13-15; natural; no control in any unbid suit

Opener's third bid:

1 S	P	2 H	P
2 NT	P	3 NT	P
?

	4 m		18+; control showing; suggests
				heart x-x-x, A-x, K-x or Q-x
	4 H		12-14; three small trumps
	4 S		18-19; 6 spades; semi-balanced


TWO CLUBS OVER ONE DIAMOND					     28
--------------------------

The 2 C response to 1 D shows 11+ points and 4+ clubs. With a minimum
opening opener must make an artificial 2 D rebid; otherwise game must
be reached (except for the 4 C jump raise).

1 D	P	2 C	P
?

	2 D		minimum; nondescript; F
	2 H, 2 S	4+ cards; GF
	2 NT		14+; balanced; GF
	3 C		3+ trumps; GF
	3 D		6+ cards; GF
	3 H, 3 S	16+; splinter raise
	3 NT		18-19; balanced; NF
	4 C		minimum; 5-5 minors; NF

Rebids by responder:

1 D	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	?

	2 NT, 3 C	11-12; usually end; NF
	Other		natural; GF



INVERTED MINOR RAISES
---------------------

A single minor raise shows 10+ unlimited (with exactly 10 prefer 
1 NT if balanced), at least 4 trumps (usually 5), and no 4 card 
major suit. This is forcing for one round.

1 m	P	2 m	P
?

	3 m		minimum; NF
	2 NT		minimum; often 3 card m; NF
	New suit	4+ cards or stopper; at least a "queen"
				more than a minimum; F
	3 NT		18-19; NF
	Jump shift	splinter; slam try
	4 m		6+ cards; no splinter; slam try

In subsequent bidding, any rebid in the agreed minor by either 
partner is nonforcing and shows minimal values for his previous 
bids. Exception: Removal of 3 NT to 4 of a minor is forcing.

The jump minor raise shows 6-9 points and at least 5 trumps (or 
4 good trumps). It is basically preemptive. Raises to the 4 and 
5-level are also weak, but indicate freakish distribution.


DIRECT MAJOR RAISES						     29
-------------------

The following responses to a major opening show trump support. 
The single raise shows 3+ trumps; all others show 4+ trumps.

1 M	P	?

	2 M		7-10
	3 M		11-12 (good 10); I
	3 M + 1 step	13-15; unknown splinter
	3 M + 2 steps	16-18; non-4th-step splinter
	3 M + 3 steps	13-15; no splinter
	3 M + 4 steps	16-18; natural splinter
	4 M		weak

Special follow-ups:

After a 1-step raise, opener may relay with the cheapest bid to 
locate the splinter, which is shown naturally except a bid of 4 
in the trump suit indicates the unshowable splinter.

After a 2-step raise, opener may relay then the two possible 
splinters are shown by Astro-like relation: D = S, H = C, S = D.

After a 3-step raise, opener may relay as an all-purpose slam try.



WEAK JUMP SHIFT RESPONSES
-------------------------

Except for the specialized major raises (3 S thru 4 H), all 
jump-shift responses are weak. General requirements:

1 X	P	?

	2-level JS	2-5 HCP; 6 cards or decent 5
	3-level JS	2-7 HCP; 7 cards or decent 6
	4-level JS*	2-7 HCP; 8 cards or decent 7

*Over minor opening or 4 S over 1 H.

Rebids by opener:

1 X	P	2 Y	P
?

	Rebid as if responding to weak two-bid

1 X	P	3 Y	P
?

	Rebid as if responding to preempt


TWO NOTRUMP RESPONSES						     30
---------------------

The 2 NT response to one of a suit shows 15+ HCP (no upper limit) 
and usually denies a 4 card major biddable at the 1-level.

1 X	P	2 NT	P
?

	New suit	4+ cards; unbalanced; reverse does
			not show extra values
	3 X		6+ cards
	3 NT		to play; no slam if 15-17
	4 NT		quantitative (assuming 15-17)


Rebids by responder:

1 X	P	2 NT	P
Suit	P	?

	3 NT		15-17
	4 NT		18-19; I
	Raise, pref	15-17 (assumed)
	New suit	15+; value-raise of opener's suit
				(either if two bid)

1 X	P	2 NT	P
3 NT	P	?

	4 X		15-16; good trump support
	New suit	17+; value-raise of X
	4 NT		18-19; I


MAJOR SUIT GAME TRIES						     31
---------------------

The following structure applies <any time> a major suit is raised 
from one to two. This can be a raise of a major-suit opening, a 
one-level response, a one-level rebid or a one-level overcall. It 
also applies after a Drury 2 C response, a 2 D rebid and a 2 M 
rebid by Drury bidder.

It also applies in competition provided there is no enemy bid 
<after> the raise to two.

1 M	any	2 M	P*
?
	(or, etc)			*or Double

1 X	any	1 M	any
2 M	P*	?

	Cheapest bid	relay; game or slam try
	2 NT over 2 H	balanced; I
	3 M		preemptive; no game interest
	3 other suit*	4+ cards; slam try; alternate strain is
				possible
	4 new suit	splinter; slam try

*Note that a jump to 3 S is natural, not a splinter.

After the "cheapest bid" relay:

1 M	P	2 M	P
Rel	P	?

	2 NT		secondary values* in <spades>
	3 new suit	secondary values* in suit bid
	3 M		minimum; scattered values
	4 M		maximum; scattered values
	Raise relay	maximum; 4-3-3-3 shape

*Typically at least 3 cards including the king or queen

When secondary values are shown, it is still unknown whether the 
raise was minimum or maximum. Continuations:

1 M	P	2 M	P
Rel	P	Val	P
?

	3 M*		turned off by values; NF
	Cheapest suit	relay; asks if min or max (return to
				trump suit = min)
	3 NT		choice of games; NF
	4 M		sign-off
	Other suit	control showing; slam try
	Jump new suit	splinter; slam try

*If no relay is available below 3 of major, this is the only available
invitation, so responder should continue to game if maximum.


OPENER'S REVERSE BID						     32
--------------------

Opener's reverse after a 1 H, 1 S or 1 NT response to a minor 
opening shows 17+ points and is forcing. Rebid structures:

1 m	P	1 M	P
Rev	P	?

	2 M		6-10; any 5+ cards; F
	2 NT		6-10; no 5 card major; F
	4th suit	10+; natural or waiting; GF
	Pref, raise	10+; GF
	3 M		11+; 6+ cards (max 2 losers)
	3 NT		11-13; NF

1 m	P	1 NT	P
Rev	P	?

	2 NT		weakness or waiting; F
	3 C new suit	5+ cards; F
	Pref, raise	8-10; GF
	Other new suit	8-10; stopper; GF
	3 NT		8-10; unbids stopped

Opener's third bid:

1 m	P	1 M	P
Rev	P	2 M	P
?

	2 NT, 3 m, 3 M	minimum; NF
	3 Rev		6-5 shape; F
	4th suit	shows the ace; GF
	4 m		7+ cards; F
	Jump 4th suit	splinter raise

1 m	P	1 M	P
Rev	P	2 NT	P
?

	3 m		minimum; may be 5 cards; NF
	3 Rev		6-5 shape; F
	3 M		3 good trumps; F
	New suit	3+ cards; F
	3 NT		19+
	4 m		7+ cards; F

1 m	P	1 NT	P
Rev	P	2 NT	P
?

	Same as above (except 3 M does not exist)

Note: Opener's reverse after a 1 NT response to 1 H is covered 
under 1 NT forcing. See topic.


FOURTH SUIT BIDS IN GENERAL					     33
---------------------------

Except for the fourth-suit-forcing structure used to invite game after
a 1-over-1 response, bids in the fourth suit are usually game-forcing. 
Meanings of fourth-suit bids are outlined below with examples.


1. Responder's rebid after a 2-over-1 response shows either a natural 
suit or at least six cards in his first suit. Opener should tend to 
support responder's first suit with a doubleton honor or better.

1 H	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	2 S

1 S	P	2 D	P
2 H	P	3 C

1 D	P	2 C	P
2 S	P	3 H


2. Responder's rebid after opener's reverse after a 1-over-1 response 
is a waiting bid and implies five cards in responder's major suit.

1 C	P	1 S	P
2 D	P	2 H

1 C	P	1 H	P
2 D	P	2 S

1 D	P	1 S	P
2 H	P	3 C


3. Opener's or responder's third bid in a 1-over-1 or 2-over-1 auction 
indicates the ace or a splinter. Partner assumes the ace and may bid 
notrump without a stopper (if hand is suitable). Fourth-suit bidder 
should not pass 3 NT when his bid was based on a splinter.

Examples by opener:

1 D	P	1 S	P
2 D	P	3 C	P
3 H

1 H	P	1 S	P
2 C	P	3 C	P
3 D

1 H	P	2 C	P
2 H	P	3 D	P
3 S


								     34
Examples by responder:

1 C	P	1 D	P
1 S	P	3 C	P
3 D	P	3 H

1 C	P	1 H	P
2 C	P	3 C	P
3 D	P	3 S

1 S	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	2 NT	P
3 D	P	3 H


4. Opener's fourth bid (below 3 NT) in a 1-over-1 or 2-over-1 auction 
suggests two or three small cards, essentially a nothing bid to keep 
the possibility of 3 NT alive. In some cases, this may be a repeat of 
a fourth-suit-forcing bid if it could not be natural.

1 C	P	1 H	P
2 C	P	3 C	P
3 D	P	3 H	P
3 S

1 C	P	1 H	P
1 S	P	2 D	P
2 S	P	3 C	P
3 D

1 S	P	2 C	P
2 S	P	2 NT	P
3 C	P	3 D	P
3 H


PASSED HAND MODIFICATIONS					     35
-------------------------

In third or fourth seat slightly weaker hands may be opened. 
Further, when opening a subminimum hand, it is permissible to bid 
a good 4 card major for tactical purposes.


The following changes apply when responder is a passed hand:

1. A 1-over-1 response may be passed if opener has only 13 points, and 
should be passed if opener has less. When opener does bid again, his 
rebids retain their normal meaning.

2. The 1 NT response to a major shows 6-12 points and is intended 
as forcing. Opener may pass with 13 points, and should pass with 
less. The bidding continues normally if opener bids again.

3. The 2 C response to 1 D shows 9-11 HCP and 5+ clubs. Opener 
should pass with a subminimum opening and may pass with 13 points. 
If opener does bid again, the system structure is unchanged.

4. The 2 C response to a major is "reverse Drury." See topic.

5. A 2 D response to a major (or 2 H over 1 S) shows 9-11 HCP and 
5+ cards. Opener should pass with a subminimum opening and may 
pass with 13 points. If opener does bid again, a rebid of the 
same suit, raise or 2 NT bid shows minimal values and is 
nonforcing; a new suit or jump bid is forcing (below game). The 
same is true of responder's rebids.

6. The 2 NT response to a minor shows 11-12 points and is 
invitational to game. Any rebid by opener below game is forcing.

7. The 2 NT response to a major shows a "limit raise" with an 
unknown splinter. Rebid structure:

P	P	1 M	P
2 NT	P	?

	3 C		asks for splinter (3 M shows C splinter)
	3 D after 1 H	demands 3 H with S splinter; else 4 H
	3 M		no game interest; sign-off


8. Responder's rebid after a 1-over-1 response is affected. A 
jump or raise to the 3-level is invitational instead of forcing.

9. Responder's rebid in a third suit is no longer an artificial 
force. This is natural and invitational, showing a two-suited hand.

Note: Fourth suit forcing and new minor forcing still apply as a 
passed hand.


REVERSE DRURY							     36
-------------

The 2 C response to a major by a passed hand is "reverse Drury." 
This shows either 11+ (good 10) points with 3+ cards in opener's 
major, or 9-11 HCP with a 6+ card club suit. It is forcing.

P	P	1 M	P
2 C	P	?

	2 D		artificial; game interest
	2 H after 1 S	4+ hearts; no game interest
	2 same major	no game interest

Responder's rebids:

P	P	1 M	P
2 C	P	2 D	P
?

	2 M*		10-11; 3+ trumps; NF
	2 NT		11-12; balanced; major fit; I
	3 C		6+ clubs; no major fit; I
	3 M		12+; 3+ trumps; GF
	Other suit	4+ cards; major fit; F
	Jump shift	splinter raise

*Major-suit game-try structure applies by opener after this bid


Enemy interference:

Reverse Drury does not apply in competition. If the enemy 
interferes <after> the 2 C bid, use these structures:

P	P	1 M	P
2 C	Dbl	?

	Pass		4+ clubs; weak opening
	Redouble	4+ clubs; full opening
	Other		as without double

P	P	1 M	P
2 C	Bid	?

	Pass		weak opening
	Double		good defense; full opening
	Bid past 2 M	natural; full opening
	Other		as without bid


								     37



		   COMPETITIVE AFTER ONE OF A SUIT



AFTER A TAKEOUT DOUBLE
----------------------

If our opening bid of one of a suit is doubled for takeout:

1 X	Dbl	?

	Redouble	10+; implies no fit; creates forcing auction
	1 of suit*	6+; 4+ cards; F
	1 NT		6-9; balanced; NF
	2 over 1	6-9; 6+ (good 5) cards; NF
	Jump shift	as without double

*Rebid structure is unchanged unless an opponent bids.


After a minor opening:

The following bids show 4+ card trump support:

1 m	Dbl	?

	All raises	as without double
	2 NT		9-11 HCP; natural; I
	3 NT		12-15 HCP; natural; NF


After a major opening:

The following bids show trump support:

1 M	Dbl	?

	2 M		6-9; 3+ trumps
	2 NT		10-12; 4+ (rare 3) trumps
	3 M		6-9; 4+ trumps
	Steps 1 to 4	as without double
	4 M		as without double


AFTER A SUIT OVERCALL						     38
---------------------

If our opening bid of one of a suit is overcalled in a natural 
unbid suit thru the level of 4 D:

1 X	Suit	?

	Double		negative (see topic)
	New suit	6+; 4+ cards at 1-level; F
			9+; 5+ cards at 2-level or higher;
				F if below game
	1 NT		7-10; NF
	Jump shift	weak (at or below game)
	Cue below 3 NT	13+; balanced with stopper; opener continues 
				as if forcing 2 NT resp
	Cue by PH	11-13; splinter raise
	2 NT jump	11-12; I
	2 NT nonjump	10-12; I
	3 NT nonjump	10-16; NF
	Jump cue	13+; splinter raise
	Cue above 3 NT	13+; fit with control
	DJ raise	weak
	4 NT		Blackwood


After a minor opening:

1 m	Suit	?

	2 m, 3 m jump	as without overcall
	3 m nonjump	8-10
	4 m jump	11-13; I
	4 m nonjump	9-12
	5 m jump	13-16
	5 m nonjump	10-16
	3 NT J or DJ	10-12; natural but based on 5+ card
				minor fit; NF
	DJ shift +	natural; weak


After a major opening:

1 M	Suit	?

	2 M		6-10
	3 M jump	11-12 (good 10); I
	3 M nonjump	8-10
	4 M jump	11-13
	4 M nonjump	8-13
	3 NT J or DJ	13+; 4+ trumps; no control in enemy suit; F
	DJ shift +	splinter raise if below 4 M; else
				natural, weak


NEGATIVE DOUBLES						     39
----------------

After our opening of one of a suit, the double of a suit overcall thru
4 D (or 4 H after a minor opening) is a negative double. The strength
shown is 6+ at the 1-level; 7+ at the 2-level; 8+ at the 3-level; 9+ 
at the 4-level. Suit requirements:

1 C	1 D	?

	Double		4+ cards in each major
	1 H, 1 S	4+ cards

1 m	1 M	?
1 m	2 M	?
1 m	3 M	?
1 m	4 H	?
1 X	2 m	?
1 X	3 m	?
1 X	4 m	?

	Double		4 cards in one major; may be 5+ cards
				if unable to bid
	New suit	5+ cards

1 H	1 S	?
1 H	2 S	?
1 H	3 S	?
1 S	2 H	?
1 S	3 H	?

	Double		4+ cards in each minor
	Minor suit	5+ cards

Negative doubles also apply over a <natural> overcall in opener's 
suit, e.g., 1 C 2 C.

Rebids by opener:

1 X	Suit	Dbl	any
?

	Nonjump bid	13-15 below game; NF
			13-18 if game
	Jump bid	16-18 below game; I
			16+ if game


								     40
Rebids by doubler when opener has not shown extra strength:

1 X	Suit	Dbl	any
any	any	?

	New suit*	7-10; 6+ (good 5) cards; NF
	Preference	7-10
	Single raise	7-10 at 2-level
			10-12 at 3-level or 4 m; I
			10-15 if game
	2 NT		10-12; I
	Jump new suit	10-12; 6+ cards; I below game
	Jump raise/pref	11-12 below game; 13-15 if game
	3 NT		13-15 if J; 11-15 if NJ

*Exceptions: A spade bid after doubling 1 H, or a minor-suit bid when 
opener bid a major that responder showed is natural and GF.



AFTER A TWO-SUITED OVERCALL
---------------------------

After a Michaels cue-bid, unusual 2 NT, or other overcall that 
shows a two-suited hand, this structure applies:

1 X	Bid*	?	*2-suited hand

	Double		10+; creates forcing auction
	New suit	6-9; 6+ (good 5) cards; NF
	Single raise	6-9; NF
	2 NT		9-11; natural with fit; I
	3 NT jump	12-14; natural with fit; NF
	3 NT nonjump	9-14; natural with fit; NF
	Jump shift	weak
	Jump raise	weak

Also, if at least one enemy suit is known:

	Cheapest cue	10+; raise of suit opened
	Any jump cue	13+; splinter raise; GF

And if both enemy suits are known:

	Higher cue	10+ HCP; 5+ cards in the 4th suit; F

Subsequent bidding:

1. After the "higher cue," if opener rebids in notrump or his 
original suit, this confirms a minimum and is nonforcing. A 
"raise" of responder's indicated suit is forcing below game.

2. After doubling, if responder next bids a new suit or a suit 
implied by the enemy, it is natural and forcing below game.

3. If responder passes over the two-suited overcall and later 
bids a suit implied by the enemy, it is natural and nonforcing.


COMPETITIVE REBIDS						     41
------------------

Opener's competitive rebids after a 1-over-1 response carry the same
meaning as those without interference provided a lower bid in the same
strain is not eliminated by the interference. If opener is restricted 
by elimination, the following structure applies:

1 X	any	1 Y	bid
?

	2 NT nonjump	17-19
	3 NT jump	15+; based on 6+ suit
	3 NT nonjump	17+ (or 15+ with 6+ suit)
	3 X nonjump	15-17
	4 X jump	18-20; I in minor
	4 X nonjump	16-18
	3 Y nonjump	14-16
	4 Y jump	17-20; I if diamonds
	4 Y nonjump	16-20; I if diamonds
	2 S reverse	17+; F (structure off)
	3 lower suit	15-18; NF
	3 reverse	17+; F
	3 S J reverse	19+; 4-6 shape; GF
	Jump shift	19+; GF


Responder's rebids after a 1-over-1 response revert to a "limit" style
after any enemy bid. A new suit bid below game is forcing; but raises 
to the 3-level and jump bids are invitational.


Two-over-one auctions:

After a 2-over-1 (or nonjump 3-over-1) response following an overcall, 
responder is not required to bid again; no forcing auction is created. 
If opener repeats his suit, bids 2 NT or raises, he confirms a minimum 
and it is nonforcing. Jumps and new suit bids are forcing below game. 
The same is true of responder's rebids.


CUE-BIDS AS REBIDS						     42
------------------

After our opening bid of one of a suit and some action by responder, 
a cue-bid in the enemy suit by opener or responder is game-forcing. 
The meanings are shown below:

1 X	any	Act	any
?
	(or)

1 X	any	Act	any
any	any	?

	(or)

1 X	any	Act	any
any	any	any	any
?	(etc.)

	Cue below 3 NT	nondescript; general GF
	Cue above 3 NT	ace or splinter; fit assured
	Jump Cue	splinter raise


If the enemy has shown two suits, the first cue-bid below 3 NT implies
a stopper in that suit; hence, partner may bid notrump with a stopper 
in the other suit.


Special follow-ups:

1 X	any	Act	any
Cue	any	?

	(or)

1 X	any	Act	any
Cue	any	any	any
?	(etc.)

	Pass double	waiting; no clear action
	Redouble	ace
	Raise cue	splinter; fit assured
	Recue by cuer	ace; fit assured

Corollary to above: Opener's double-jump raise to 4 of responder's 
major denies control in the enemy suit; else cue twice (ace) or 
splinter (singleton or void).


COMPETITIVE DOUBLES						     43
-------------------

Certain doubles, while penalty in standard bidding, are best played
as competitive meaning, "I want to compete further but I am not sure 
what to bid." Certain basic conditions must exist:

	Partner must have acted.
	Your side has not established a fit.
	Your side has not bid notrump.
	You did not pass the doubled suit at your last turn.
	A forcing auction does not exist.

Assuming the above conditions the following are competitive doubles:

1. All doubles at the 1-level.

1 C	P	1 D	1 S
Dbl

1 C	P	1 H	1 S
P	P	Dbl

1 C	1 H	P	1 S
P	P	Dbl

2. Double of a raised enemy suit thru 3 S, provided the enemy action 
was <direct> (doubles of enemy balancing actions are for penalty). 
This also includes the case of an implied enemy fit, such as an enemy 
response to a takeout double.

1 D	1 H	1 S	2 H
Dbl

1 C	1 S	Dbl	2 S
P	P	Dbl

1 C	Dbl	1 S	3 H
Dbl

3. The double of an invitational cue-bid, jump cue-bid, or any 
kind of fit-showing bid at the 2 or 3-level.

1 C	1 S	Dbl	2 C
Dbl

1 D	1 H	1 S	3 D
Dbl

1 C	P	1 H	1 S
P	2 H	Dbl

Strength requirements:

The minimum strength for a competitive double at the 1 or 2-level is
slightly more than previously shown; at the 3-level, you should have 
about an ace extra. There is no upper limit; the double might be the 
first step with a game-going hand.


								     44
After a competitive double:

Partner of the competitive doubler should choose the contract from the 
alternatives suggested by the previous bidding. Any nonjump bid (even 
a new suit) is nonforcing; jumps below game are invitational. Passing 
the double is a real possibility, requiring a suitable defensive hand 
with 4 trumps, or 3 trumps at the 3-level.



COOPERATIVE DOUBLES
-------------------

A cooperative double is a penalty suggestion. Doubler typically holds 
3 or more cards in the suit doubled, all-around values, and no fit for 
partner's suit. Cooperative doubles apply in the following situations 
thru 3 S. (Higher doubles are penalty.)


1. A double by a player who bypassed the opportunity to redouble or 
failed to make a strength-showing double.

1 S	Dbl	P	2 C
P	P	Dbl

1 H	2 H	P	2 S
P	P	Dbl

1 C	P	1 S	Dbl
P	2 H	P	P
Dbl

Important: Doubler's strength is not limited by the failure to act at 
his previous turn. The above sequences would be ideal with any strong 
4-4-3-2 shape (doubleton in partner's suit).

Corollary: If you redouble or make a strength-showing double, you are 
unable to make a cooperative double. If you later double, it requires 
at least 4 good trumps.


2. A double by the <partner> of the player who just redoubled or made 
a strength-showing double. This blends well with the corollary above.


3. A double of a suit in which you denied 4 cards.

1 D	P	1 NT	2 H
P	P	Dbl

1 C	P	1 H	P
2 C	P	P	2 S
Dbl

1 S	P	1 NT	P
2 D	P	P	2 H
Dbl


								     45
4. A double by a player who made a competitive double.

1 C	1 D	1 S	2 D
Dbl	P	2 S	3 D
Dbl

1 D	1 H	1 S	2 H
P	P	Dbl	3 H
P	P	Dbl


After a cooperative double:

Partner should remove the double with a singleton or void in the enemy 
suit or with a hand very unsuited for defense. Limit bidding applies.



AFTER A ONE NOTRUMP OVERCALL
----------------------------

After an enemy 1 NT overcall of our suit opening bid:

1 X	1 NT	?

	Double		penalty
	New suit	6-9; 6+ (good 5) cards; NF
	2 NT		artificial; 2-suiter; F to 4-level
	Jump shift	6+ cards; I

1 M	1 NT	?

	2 M		6-9; 3+ trumps
	3 M		10-12; based on shape; I

1 m	1 NT	?

	2 m		artificial; weak takeout for majors
	3 m		weak (no change)


ACTIONS WHEN RESPONDER PASSES					     46
-----------------------------

Ranges are shown by probable high-card points, though suit bids 
may be shaded.

1 X	any	P	Act
?

	Redouble	18+; no force created
	1 NT		18-19
	2 NT		16+; natural; trick source
	Suit bid	16+; unbalanced
	Jump suit bid	18+; very unbalanced; I
	Cue-bid		16+; 5-4-4-0 shape
	Dbl suit	16+; takeout thru 4 D
	Dbl 1 NT	18+; optional
	Dbl 2 NT, 3 NT	penalty
	Dbl cue-bid or	16+; takeout of enemy suit*
	 artif. bid
	Dbl 4 M		18+; optional ; takeout if <raised>
	4 NT over 4 M	18+; takeout

*If enemy suit not shown, shows extra length in suit


Balancing actions:

1 X	Suit*	P	P
?

	Pass		Length in enemy suit
	Double		13+; takeout
	Suit bid	13+; unsuitable to double
	Other (rare)	same as direct action

*After a jump suit overcall, opener should use the same structure 
but may elect to pass on hands that suborn doubtful actions.


								     47



		    TWO-LEVEL AND HIGHER OPENINGS



TWO CLUB OPENING
----------------

An opening bid of 2 C is strong, artificial and forcing, and typically
shows 23+ points or a one-suited hand within a trick of game.

If responder has a 5 card or longer suit headed by at least 2 of the 3
top honors, he should make a suit-showing response. Otherwise, he must 
define his point count.

2 C	P	?

	2 D		0-4 or 8+ (or an ace + king)
	2 H		5-7 or bad 8 (or an ace)
	2 S		<any> 5 card suit; 2 of top 3
	2 NT		<any> 5 card suit; A-K-Q
	3 of suit	6 cards in suit bid; 2 of top 3
	3 NT		<any> 6 card suit; A-K-Q
	4 of suit	7 cards in suit bid; 2 of top 3
	4 NT		<any> 7 card suit; A-K-Q


Special jump rebid by opener:

After any response, a jump suit rebid by opener (even if game) 
establishes the trump suit and is forcing. Responder must continue:

2 C	P	Bid	P
JS	P	?

	Cheapest NT	no aces
	Suit bid	that ace

Follow-up: Opener may sign off in his suit or notrump or bid any 
other suit as control asking (see topic).


Rebids by opener after a point-count response:

2 C	P	2 D	P
?

	2 NT		23-24; balanced; NF
	3 NT		25-28; balanced; NF
	4 NT		29-30; balanced; NF
	Suit bid	5+ cards; F


								     48
2 C	P	2 H	P
?

	2 NT		23+; balanced; F
	3 NT		semi-balanced; 6+ minor; NF
	Suit bid	5+ cards; F


Rebids by responder after a point-count response:

2 C	P	2 D	P
Suit	P	?

	Cheapest bid	waiting
	Other NJ bids	natural; suits show 5+ cards
	Jump raise	Q-x-x-x or better; no controls
	Jump shift	splinter raise

Note: Responder is always presumed to have 0-4 (even when he 
jumps) unless he voluntarily bids beyond game. The only way to 
stop below game is when opener rebids the same suit.

2 C	P	2 H	P
Suit	P	?

	Nonjump bid	natural (no waiting bids)
	Jump raise	Q-x-x-x or better; no controls
	Jump shift	splinter raise

2 C	P	2 X	P
2 NT	P	?

	System on; if responder tries for slam after a 2 D response,
		he logically must have 8+

2 C	P	2 D	P
3 NT	P	?

	4 C*		Stayman (not puppet)
	4 D*, 4 H*	Jacoby
	4 S*		both minors
	4 NT		8+; balanced; F
	5 C		Gerber

*If responder next bids a suit, it is natural NF (unless illogical 
by system); 5-level bids may be raised.	The only way to show 8+ is to 
rebid 4 NT (F) or 5 NT (F).

2 C	P	2 D	P
4 NT	P	?

	5 C*		Stayman (not puppet)
	5 D*, 5 H*	Jacoby
	5 S*		both minors

*There is no way to show 8+ here (may as well bid 7 NT). Any rebid 
by responder below slam is forcing (5 NT asks opener to pick a slam).


								     49
Rebids after a suit-showing response:

2 C	P	2 S	P
?

	2 NT		23+ balanced (system on)
	Suit bid	5+ cards

2 C	P	2 S	P
Suit	P	?

	Suit bid	real suit; F (even if game)
	3 NT, Raise	minimal values; inconvenient to bid suit
	Jump shift	splinter raise

After a 2 NT or higher response, opener should know responder's suit, 
so there is no need to repeat it. The bidding proceeds naturally; any 
game bid is NF. An immediate 4 NT by opener is <regular> Blackwood, 
and a raise to 5 of responder's suit (NF) asks for the jack.


Competitive agreements:

2 C	Dbl	?

	Redouble	5-7; good clubs (Q-10-x-x)
	Pass		0-4 or 8+; good clubs
	Other		as without double

2 C	Bid	?

	Pass		0-4 (or more with no call)
	Double		penalty; trump stack
	Cue-bid		5+; splinter
	Suit bid	5+; 5+ cards
	2 NT		5+; balanced; stopper
	3 NT nonjump	5-7; balanced; stopper


All doubles by opener or responder are for penalty. All direct 
passes are forcing.

A cue-bid of the enemy suit by opener, when responder has not 
acted, shows 5-4-4-0 shape (or 4-4-4-1 in balancing seat).

Any suit bid by opener, whether responder has acted or not, is 
forcing below game unless opener bids the same suit twice, in 
which case responder may pass with nothing.

If responder has not shown values and opener makes a natural, 
forcing suit rebid, the cheapest bid is artificial and waiting. 
This applies only once; any subsequent bid is natural.

Any <jump> suit bid by opener (at his second bid) is ace asking, 
even if this completes game. The structure is unchanged.


WEAK TWO BIDS							     50
-------------

Opening bids of 2 D, 2 H and 2 S are weak two-bids. Range is 5-11 HCP 
and style is undisciplined but sensible. Good 5 card suits (usually 3 
of top 5 cards) are permissible at all vulnerabilities. Decent 5 card 
suits are permissible at favorable vulnerability.

2 X	P	?

	Any raise	obstructive; preemptive
	New suit	6+ cards (good 5 rare); constructive; NF
	2 NT		game or slam try; F
	4 C jump	trump asking (see topic)
	Other jump	6+ cards; I if below game

2 X	P	Suit	P
?

	Pass		minimum or misfit
	2 NT, 3 NT	maximum; doubleton fit
	Raise		at least J-x or x-x-x
	Jump raise	exceptional fit
	New suit	4+ cards (6-4, 6-5)
	Same suit	at least K-Q-J-10-x-x

2 M	P	2 NT	P
?

	3 C		5 cards in original suit
	3 D		6 cards; average or maximum hand
	3 M		6 cards; worst hand
	3 other major	natural (4 cards); not worst hand
	3 NT		6 cards; A-K-Q or A-K-J
	4 C, 4 D	at least Q-x-x-x (6-4, 6-5)

2 D	P	2 NT	P
?

	3 C		5 card diamond suit
	3 D		6 cards; any minimum
	3 H, 3 S	6 cards; stopper
	3 NT		6 cards; no major stopper
	4 C		at least Q-x-x-x (6-4, 6-5)


Rebids by responder:

2 M	P	2 NT	P
3 C	P	?

	3 D		artif. F; opener bids 3 M if min, else 3 NT
	3 M, 3 NT	sign-off
	Other suit	5+ cards; F if below game


								     51
2 M	P	2 NT	P
3 X	P	?

	3 M		NF; opener should bid if max
	3 NT		NF; opener may correct
	New suit	5+ cards; F if below game

2 D	P	2 NT	P
3 X	P	?

	3 D, game	sign-off
	4 D		NF; opener may bid 5 D
	New suit	5+ cards; F if below game


Competitive agreements:

2 X	Dbl	?

	Pass then Dbl	cooperative below 3 NT; penalty above
	Redouble	strong; creates F auction
	New suit	not constructive; NF
	Other		as without double

2 X	Bid	?

	Double		penalty
	Cue below 3 NT	stopper ask (3 NT = yes)
	Cue above 3 NT	control ask
	Other		as without bid

2 X	any	2 NT	Act
?

	Use standard defense (see topic)


PREEMPTIVE OPENINGS						     52
-------------------

Suit openings 3 C thru 5 D are weak, roughly by rule of 2, 3 and 4+ 
according to vulnerability.

3 X	P	?

	Any raise	obstructive or make; not game or slam try
	3 NT		to play; opener may run with no A or K
	4 C nonraise	trump ask
	4 D over 3 C	trump ask
	Other suit	6+ (strong 5) cards; F if below game

4 X	P	?

	4 D over 4 C	trump ask
	5 X over 4 M	control ask
	Other suit	to play


Competitive agreements:

3 X	Dbl	?
4 X	Dbl	?

	Pass then Dbl	cooperative below 3 NT; penalty above
	Redouble	strong; creates F auction
	New suit*	6+ cards; NF (asking bids are off)
	Raise, 3 NT	as without double

3 X	Bid	?
4 X	Bid	?

	Double		penalty
	New suit*	6+ cards; F below game (no asking bids)
	Cue-bid		control ask
	Raise, 3 NT	as without bid

*May be tactical lead-director with fit for opener


THREE NOTRUMP OPENING						     53
---------------------

An opening bid of 3 NT shows a strong preempt in any suit. This 
typically shows 11-15 HCP and 8 1/2+ tricks. It is <forcing.>

3 NT	P	?

	4 C		normal takeout; F
	4 D		exactly 2 aces; F
	4 H, 4 S	7+ (strong 6) cards; NF
	4 NT		exactly 3 aces; F


Rebids by opener:

3 NT	P	4 X	P
?

	Suit*		real suit; NF (forcing over 4 NT)
	4 NT over 4 D	Asks for kings (how many)
	4 NT otherwise	Blackwood (regular)

*Over 4 D implies that 2 aces are not enough for slam


Rebids by responder:

3 NT	P	4 m	P
Suit	P	?

	Respond as to "Suit" opening bid


Competitive agreements:

3 NT	Dbl	?

	Pass		nondescript; may be worthless
	Redouble	good hand without 2 aces
	4 C		1 ace
	Other		as without double

3 NT	Bid	?

	Pass		nondescript; opener must bid suit at 4-level
				and may bid 5 if prudent
	Double		penalty; trump stack
	Cheapest suit	competitive in opener's suit
	Other suit	7+ (strong 6) cards; NF
	4 NT		slam try; 2+ aces (not BW)


								     54



		       DEFENSE TO ONE OF A SUIT



TAKEOUT DOUBLES
---------------

A direct takeout double shows opening values (may be shaded with ideal 
shape) and 3+ cards in each unbid suit, or any hand that is too strong 
for an overcall.

1 X	Dbl	any	?

	Double		responsive or penalty (see below)
	New suit	0-9 if forced
			6-9 if free below game
			8-15 if game
	1 NT		6-9 (poor 10)
	Cue-bid		10+; F until raise or game
	Jump in suit	10-12 if below game; I
			10-15 if game
	2 NT		10-12; I
	Jump cue-bid	13+; splinter; 3-suiter
	DJ in suit	weak if below game; 6+ cards
			weak or 10-15 if game
	3 NT jump	13-16


Responsive doubles apply:

After a new suit thru 2 S

	takeout for unbid suits

After a <major> raise thru 3 S

	takeout for minors

Note that the double of 1 NT or any <minor> raise is for penalty.


Special over a redouble:

1 X	Dbl	Rdbl	?

	Pass		no preference (if weak)
	Pass then bid	9-11; constructive; I
	Suit bid	weak; preference
	Jump suit	weak; 5+ cards; preemptive


								     55
Rebids by takeout doubler:

1 X	Dbl	any	Suit
any	?

	Double		18+; no 4 card fit; optional
	1 NT		18-20
	New suit	18-21; 5+ cards; NF
	Cue-bid*	20+; F; no rebid promised
	Single raise	18-20 if voluntary to 3-level
			16-18 otherwise
	2 NT jump	20-22
	2 NT nonjump	19-21
	Jump cue*	splinter raise; slam try
	Jump new suit	what you can make
	Jump raise	19-20 (good 18)
	3 NT jump	better than 2 NT or 9 tricks

*Cue must be in opener's suit (else natural).

Note: If partner bid freely (6-9 points) the ranges above would be 2 
points less; except for a new suit, which still shows 18+ and then 
would be forcing.


After a 1 NT response:

1 X	Dbl	any	1 NT
any	?

	Double		penalty
	New suit	corrective at 2-level; NF
			18+ at 3-level; F
	Cue-bid		18+; splinter; no rebid is promised


SUIT OVERCALLS							     56
--------------

Direct nonjump suit overcalls typically show 8-17 HCP at the 1-level 
or 11-17 HCP at the 2-level.

1 X	Suit	any	?

	Double		8+; responsive or penalty (see below)
	New suit	8+ at 1-level; F
			8-12 at 2-level up; NF
	1 NT		8-11
	Cue-bid		11+ (good 10) with fit or 13+ nonfit; F
	Single raise	6-10
	Jump new suit	11+; 6+ cards; I
	2 NT jump	12-14; I
	2 NT nonjump	9-11; I
	Jump cue-bid	11+ (good 10) with 4+ trumps
	Jump raise	weak; about 5-8 below game
	3 NT jump	better than 2 NT


Responsive doubles apply:

After a raise thru 4 D

	takeout for unbid suits

After 1 NT

	takeout for unbid suits

After a new suit thru 2 S

	takeout; 4+ cards in unbid; 2 cards in partner's suit


Special over a negative double:

1 X	Suit	Dbl	?

	Redouble	11+; implies no fit
	Cue-bid		11+ (good 10); promises fit
	2 NT if major	8-10; 4+ major fit
	Other		as without double


Rebids by overcaller:

1 X	Suit	any	P
any	?

	Double		takeout thru 4 D
	Suit X		natural (2-suiter)
	Other		natural


								     57
1 X	Suit	any	Cue
any	?

	Same suit	minimum; nondescript; NF
	2 NT		constructive; NF
	New suit	natural; F



WEAK JUMP OVERCALLS
-------------------

Direct jump suit overcalls are weak at all levels, basically adhering 
to the rule of 2, 3 and 4+ according to vulnerability.

1 X	2 Y	any	?

	Respond as to weak two-bid*

1 X	3 Y	any	?
1 X	4 Y	any	?

	Respond as to preemptive opening*

*Opening bid does not constitute interference although it enables a 
cue-bid response. Asking bids are in effect as long as RHO passes.



GOOD JUMP OVERCALLS
-------------------

A good jump overcall shows a self-sufficient 6+ card suit with about 
1 playing trick less than bidder has contracted for.

Situations where this apply are noted later.


Responding agreement:

A new suit response is forcing below game.



NOTRUMP OVERCALLS
-----------------

Direct notrump overcalls over 1 of a suit:

1 X	?

	1 NT		15-18 (system on)
	2 NT		unusual (see topic)
	3 NT		15-20; based on long minor
	4 NT over 1 m	Blackwood
	4 NT over 1 M	takeout for minors; freakish


UNUSUAL NOTRUMP OVERCALL					     58
------------------------

For defensive bidding purposes, two-suited hands will be divided into 
three groups. Marginal hands may be upgraded or downgraded according 
to judgment. These will be referred to as weak, good or strong.

Weak	= 11 HCP or less

Good	= 12-15 HCP

Strong	= 16+ HCP


A direct jump overcall of 2 NT shows a weak or strong hand (not the
good hand) with at least 5-5 shape in the two lower unbid suits.

1 X	2 NT	any	?

	Pass double	no preference
	Double		penalty
	Suit shown	preference
	Jump shown	weak; good trump fit
	Cue-bid		game or slam try; F
	Other suit	6+ cards; NF
	3 NT (rare)	to play


Rebids by unusual 2 NT bidder:

1 X	2 NT	any	Cue
any*	?

	Cheaper real	worst weak hand
	Raise cue	not worst; splinter
	Notrump		not worst; other splinter
	Unshown suit	not worst; 3 cards
	Other real	not worst; 6+ cards

*If RHO acts use standard defense (see topic)

1 X	2 NT	any	NF*
any	?

	Double		strong; optional
	Redouble	strong; good defense
	Cue-bid		strong
	3 NT		strong; enemy stopper; NF
	4 NT		strong; Blackwood if pref shown;
				else takeout
	Unshown suit	strong; 3 cards (5-5-3-0)
	Real suit	weak; extreme shape

*Any nonforcing action (suit takeout or pass)


MICHAELS CUE-BID						     59
----------------

The direct Michaels cue-bid, like the unusual 2 NT, shows a weak or 
strong hand (not the good hand). The cue-bid of a minor opening shows 
both majors, at least 5-4 shape. The cue-bid of a major opening shows 
the unbid major plus either minor suit, at least 5-5 shape.

1 X	2 X	any	?

	Shown suit	preference
	Jump shown	weak; good trump fit
	2 NT		game or slam try; F
	Cue-bid		game or slam try; F
	3 C, 4 C, 4 NT	to play unknown minor after major cue-bid
	Other suit	6+ cards; NF


Special over a double:

1 X	2 X	Dbl	?

	Pass 2 m	no major preference
	Pass 2 M	to play unknown minor
	3 C		6+ cards; NF
	Other		as without double


Rebids by Michaels cue-bidder:

1 m	2 m	any	2 NT
any*	?

	3 C		longer hearts
	3 D		longer spades
	3 H		worst weak hand; 5-5
	3 S		not worst; 5-5; F

1 M	2 M	any	2 NT
any*	?

	3 C, 3 D	worst weak hand; that minor
	3 H		not worst; clubs
	3 S		not worst; diamonds

*If RHO acts use standard defense (see topic)

1 X	2 X	any	NF*
any	?

	Double		strong; optional
	Redouble	strong; good defense
	Cue-bid		strong
	3 NT		strong; enemy stopper; NF
	Denied suit	strong; 3 cards
	Real suit	weak; extreme shape

*Any nonforcing action (suit takeout or pass)


THREE-LEVEL CUE-BID OVERCALL					     60
----------------------------

Any 3-level cue-bid as our side's first action shows a strong 
one-suited hand (not in the suit cue-bid) provided the enemy has not 
bid notrump. This may be a jump cue-bid over one of a suit or a 
nonjump cue-bid over two of a suit, but it must be at the 3-level.

Cue-bidder should have a self-sufficient suit and about 8 1/2 playing 
tricks or more. If the suit is a <major,> cue-bidder should have a 
singleton or void in the cue-bid suit (else double).

1 X	3 X	any	?

	(or, etc)

1 X	P	2 X	3 X
any	?

	Lowest option*	0-2 controls; no stopper if below 3 NT
	Next option*	3+ controls; no stopper
	Double		trump stack; penalty
	New major	6+ cards; F if below game
	3 NT		stopper in cue-bid suit
	4 NT		stopper; 3+ outside controls
	5 NT		control stopper; 3+ outside controls

*Options include, in order: pass (if RHO bids or doubles), 
redouble, cheaper minor, and next minor. Use what is available.


Rebids by cue-bidder:

1 X	3 X	any	any
any	?
	(etc.)

	Suit, pass	real suit; NF
	4 NT		Blackwood (even over 3 NT)


AFTER TWO ENEMY BIDS						     61
--------------------

If both opponents have bid, the following agreements apply:

1 X	P	1 Y	?

	Double		takeout
	1 NT		15-18 (system on)
	2 X		takeout; at least 5-4
	2 Y, new suit	natural overcall
	2 NT		takeout; at least 5-5
	3 X, 3 Y	3-level cue-bid overcall
	3 NT		to play (no systemic responses)
	4 NT		takeout; weak; freak
	Other jump	weak jump overcall

1 X	P	2 Y	?
1 X	P	3 Y	?

	Double		takeout
	New suit	natural; may be shaded
	2 X		takeout; at least 5-4
	2 NT		weak takeout if Y is F
			15-18 if Y is NF (system on)
	3 X, 3 Y	3-level cue-bid overcall
	3 NT		to play (no systemic responses)
	4 NT		takeout; weak; freak
	Other jump	weak jump overcall if Y is F
			good jump overcall if Y is NF

1 X	P	1 NT	?
1 X	P	2 NT	?
1 X	P	3 NT	?

	Double		takeout (of suit X)
	2 X, 3 X, 4 X	Michaels
	New suit	natural; may be shaded
	Any NT		unusual	
	Jump suit	weak jump overcall

1 X	P	2 X	?
1 X	P	3 X	?
1 X	P	4 X	?

	Double		takeout
	New suit	natural; may be shaded
	2 NT, 4 NT	unusual
	3 X		3-level cue-bid overcall
	3 NT		unusual over 3 X if F; otherwise to play
	Jump 4 m	minor bid + highest unbid major
	4 X, 5 X	Michaels
	Other jump	weak jump overcall if F raise
			good jump overcall if NF raise


								     62
Doubles of artificial raises:

The double of an artificial fit-showing bid (such as a Bergen raise)
thru 3 D is a takeout double if the doubler is an unpassed hand.  See
"Lead Directing Doubles" for clarification.


Responses:

Responses to all actions after two enemy bids are the same as or 
similar to those to the related topic. An exception: Responsive 
doubles do not apply. The description "takeout" means that 
responses should be like those to a takeout double.



BALANCING ACTIONS
-----------------

If an enemy opening bid of one of a suit is passed:

1 X	P	P	?

	Double		10+; takeout
	1 of suit	7-14; suit overcall
	1 NT		10-14 (system on)
	2 of suit	9-14; suit overcall
	Cue-bid		Michaels; good or strong
	Jump suit	good jump overcall
	2 NT		18-20 (system on)
	Jump cue	3-level cue-bid overcall
	3 NT		16-20; based on suit


After the balancing takeout double or suit overcall, responses 
are the same as to the direct action except that all point ranges 
for responder are <increased> by 2 points. Responsive doubles do 
not apply. Responses to Michaels and the 3-level cue-bid overcall 
are similar to direct actions.


ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS						     63
---------------------

The following topics (defined earlier) also apply to defensive bidding 
provided the conditions are met:

1. Major-suit game try structure

2. Competitive doubles

3. Cooperative doubles

The following defensive actions are changed if the bidder is a passed 
hand (for obvious reasons):

1. Direct 1 NT overcall is unusual.

2. Any 3 NT overcall is unusual.

3. The 3-level cue-bid overcall (strong 1-suiter) does not exist. Any 
such bid is natural if a jump or Michaels (takeout) if a nonjump.


Belated doubles:

Assuming partner has not acted:

1. The double of a raised suit, direct or balancing, is for takeout 
thru 4 D, unless the opponents have bid all four suits naturally.

2. A direct double after three enemy bids is for takeout thru 2 D 
even if just one unbid suit exists (in that event the suit opened is 
a takeout candidate). All of these are takeout doubles:

1 D	P	1 H	P
1 NT	Dbl

1 H	P	1 NT	P
2 D	Dbl

1 H	P	1 S	P
2 C	Dbl

3. A balancing double of a suit bid is for takeout thru 2 S, even if 
just one unbid suit exists.

4. A balancing double of 1 NT is for takeout only if both major suits 
are unbid. Otherwise it is a penalty suggestion with strength in 
dummy's suit. Examples:

1 D	P	1 NT	P
P	Dbl (takeout)

1 H	P	1 NT	P
P	Dbl (penalty)

1 C	P	1 S	P
1 NT	P	P	Dbl (penalty)


								     64



		   MISCELLANEOUS DEFENSIVE BIDDING



DEFENSE TO ONE NOTRUMP
----------------------

After an opening bid of 1 NT, regardless of its meaning, all overcalls 
suggest about 9 to 14 HCP. The structure is:

1 NT	?

	2 C		hearts + minor (Astro)
	2 D		spades + other (Astro)
	2 H, 2 S	usually 6+ cards
	2 NT		2-suiter; both minors
	3 C, 3 D	6+ cards
	3 H, 3 S	good jump overcall

A direct double of a 1 NT opening shows 17+ HCP or 14-16 with a good 
lead. It is optional (leaning toward penalty).


1 NT	P	P	?

	Same as direct, but strength of overcalls may be shaded.

A balancing double shows 14+ HCP, usually with all-around values.

If the opening is a "weak notrump" (maximum 15 HCP), a double of a 
Stayman 2 C response is not lead-directing. It shows 14+ HCP, similar 
to a balancing double.


Responses:

1 NT	2 M	any	?

	Respond as to weak two-bid

1 NT	2 NT	any	?
1 NT	3 m	any	?

	Suit, 3 NT	natural; NF
	Jump suit	natural; I below game

1 NT	Dbl	P	?

	Pass		normal action (penalty)
	2 of suit	5+ cards; weak and unbalanced
	3 of suit	6+ cards; I
	2 NT		2-suiter; F until game or raise

Note: Responses to balancing actions would have the same meanings.


RUNOUT DEFENSE							     65
--------------

The runout defense applies if an opponent is the first to bid over our 
strength-showing double in the following situations:

1. After a 1 NT opening (direct or balancing)

2. After a Stayman 2 C response to a weak notrump opening

3. Defense to 2 NT and 3 NT opening (see topic)

4. Junkyard defense (see topic)


Actions in direct position:

1 NT	Dbl	2 X	?

	(or, etc)

1 NT	P	P	Dbl
P	P	2 X	?

	Pass		weak or length in X
	Double		takeout*
	Suit		5+ cards; NF
	Jump suit	6+ cards; I
	Cue-bid		splinter; GF

*Should have 2+ cards (rarely singleton) in suit doubled as 
partner may convert


Actions in balancing position:

1 NT	Dbl	2 X	P
P	?

	(or, etc)

1 NT	P	P	Dbl
P	P	2 X	P
P	?

	Pass		prudent with length in X
	Double		takeout (partner can convert if that
				was his intention)
	Other		as in direct position


Note: The runout defense applies thru the level of 4 D, and after 
multiple enemy runouts, provided we have not acted after our initial 
double and a player has not been confronted with the same suit bid 
twice. In other words, once we act (bid or double) after our initial 
double, or a player confronts the same suit bid twice, all doubles 
are for penalty.


ASTRO STRUCTURE							     66
---------------

In direct or balancing seat after an opening bid of 1 NT, an overcall 
of 2 C shows hearts and a minor suit; and 2 D shows spades and another 
suit (which could be hearts). In either case shape should be at least 
5-4 in two suits, or 4-4-4-1.

1 NT	2 m	P	?

	Pass		6+ cards; misfit expected
	Cheapest suit	relay; suit search; NF
	Shown M		3+ cards
	Unshown suit	6+ cards; I if raise or jump
	2 NT		game or slam try; F
	Jump shown M	4+ trumps; mild invitation

1 NT	2 m	Dbl	?

	Pass		willing to play if Astro bidder's minor
	Redouble	5+ cards in next higher suit (enables escape
				if partner has tolerance)
	Other		as without double

1 NT	2 m	Bid	?

	Double		penalty
	Cheapest suit*	suit search thru 4 H; NF
	Cue-bid		game or slam try; F
	4 NT over 4 M	request for minor
	Other		as without bid

*Must be an unshown suit that Astro bidder might hold


Rebids by Astro bidder:

1 NT	2 C	P	2 D
P	?

	Pass		hearts + diamonds
	2 H		5+ cards (usually with clubs)
	2 S		3 cards
	2 NT		at least 4-4 minors
	3 C		5+ cards
	3 D		5+ cards; I
	3 H		6+ cards; I

1 NT	2 D	P	2 H
P	?

	Pass		spades + hearts
	2 S		5+ cards (with minor)
	2 NT		at least 4-4 minors
	3 C, 3 D	5+ cards
	3 H		5+ cards; I
	3 S		6+ cards; I


								     67
1 NT	2 C	any	2 NT
any*	?

	3 C, 3 D	min; that minor; NF
	3 H, 3 H	max; corresponding minor (H = C, S = D)
	3 NT		max; diamonds; 3 spades

1 NT	2 D	any	2 NT
any*	?

	3 C, 3 D, 3 H	min; shows second suit; NF
	3 S		max; hearts
	3 NT		max; either minor
	4 C, 4 D, 4 H	max; freak; GF

*If RHO acts use standard defense (see topic)

Further agreements:

1 NT	2 m	P	Rel
P	2 X	P	?

	2 S		5 cards (no more)
	2 NT		request for minor
	3 of suit	NF; I if raise

1 NT	2 D	Dbl	P
P	?

	Redouble	Shows 4-3-1-5 shape to allow rescue to hearts


STANDARD DEFENSE
----------------

This defense is a practical method to counter enemy interference over 
our forcing bids that elicit specific rebids in these situations:

1. 2 NT response to weak two-bid or analogous structure after our weak
jump overcall, weak jump shift response, or 2 H or 2 S overcall of an 
enemy 1 NT opening

2. 2 NT response to Michaels cue-bid or Astro 2 C or 2 D

3. Cue-bid response to unusual 2 NT overcall

Structure after an enemy bid:

	All rebids	normal meaning
	Pass		minimum; normal rebid unavailable
	Dbl		maximum; normal rebid unavailable

Structure after an enemy double:

	All rebids	normal meaning
	Pass		minimum; useful defensive values
	Rdbl		maximum; useful defensive values


DEFENSE TO TWO/THREE NOTRUMP					     68
----------------------------

If the opening bid or immediate response is 2 NT or 3 NT, carrying any 
meaning (weak or strong) provided no specific suit has been shown, the 
following structure applies:

2 NT	?
3 NT	?
2 NT	P	P	?
3 NT	P	P	?
Bid*	P	2 NT	?
Bid*	P	3 NT	?

	Double		strength showing; runout defense
				applies thru 4 D
	Pass then Dbl	takeout if suit thru 4 D
	Cheapest C	hearts + minor (Astro)
	Cheapest D	spades + other (Astro)
	Major		natural
	Any NT		minor-suit takeout
	Jump minor	7+ cards

*May be 1 NT, 2 NT or a strong artificial 1 C or 2 C.

The above defense also applies over Bergen-Cohen 3 S (gambling 3 NT 
equivalent).


Unusual 2 NT opening:

If an opening bid of 2 NT shows both minor suits, use this structure:

2 NT	?

	Double		strength-showing; runout defense
				applies thru 4 D
	Pass then Dbl	takeout if suit thru 4 D
	3 C		majors; weak or strong
	3 D		majors; good
	3 H, 3 S	natural
	3 NT		natural
	4 H, 4 S	good jump overcall


DEFENSE TO WEAK OPENINGS					     69
------------------------

This defense applies to natural, nonforcing suit opening bids from 2 C 
thru 4 D. This includes weak two-bids, intermediate two-bids (such as
the 2 C opening in most club systems), and all preemptive bids.

Actions in balancing seat have the same meaning as direct actions, but 
ranges are reduced slightly (about 2 points); hence responder should 
compensate accordingly. For example, a balancing 2 NT overcall would 
show 13-16 points instead of 15-18.

2 X	?

	Double		takeout
	New suit	12-18; 6+ (good 5) cards
	2 NT		15-18 (system on)
	Cue-bid		3-level cue-bid overcall
	Jump 3 Y	good jump overcall
	3 NT		19+ or less with running suit
	4 unbid m	minor bid + highest unbid major; NF
	Jump cue	Michaels; good or better over minor; too
				strong for 4 m over major
	4 unbid M	good jump overcall
	4 NT over m	Blackwood
	4 NT over M	minor-suit takeout

3 X	?
4 m	?

	Double		takeout
	New suit	12-18; 6+ (good 5) cards
	Cue-bid		Michaels; good or strong
	Jump suit	good jump overcall
	3 NT		natural, 16+ (no systemic responses)
	4 NT over m	Blackwood
	4 NT over M	minor-suit takeout


Responding agreements:

2 X	Dbl	any	?
3 X	Dbl	any	?
4 m	Dbl	any	?

	Double		penalty
	New suit	0-9 below game (6-9 if free)
			0-15 if game (6-15 if free)
	2 NT		8-10
	Cue-bid		11+; GF
	Jump suit	10-11 below game; I
			10-15 if game
	3 NT jump	11-15
	3 NT nonjump	8-15
	4 NT		Blackwood unless "4 NT Response for
			Takeout" applies (see topic)


								     70
2 X	Suit	any	?
3 X	Suit	any	?
4 m	Suit	any	?

	Double		penalty
	Rdbl neg dbl	10+; creates F auction
	New suit	8+; F below game BUPH if weak opener
	2 NT		8-10
	Cue below 3 NT	11+; general force
	Cue above 3 NT	13+; fit plus control
	Single raise	8-10 if below game
			8-15 if game
	Jump suit	self-playable; GF; slam I if NJ is F
	3 NT jump	11-15
	3 NT nonjump	8-15
	Jump cue	13+; splinter raise
	Jump raise	11-15 if game
	4 NT		Blackwood



DEFENSE TO FOUR OF A MAJOR
--------------------------

The following agreements apply in direct or balancing position if the 
opening bid is a natural 4 H or 4 S:

4 M	?
4 M	P	P	?

	Double		15+; optional*
	New suit	6+ cards (5+ spades)
	4 NT over 4 H	minor-suit takeout
	4 NT over 4 S	3-suit or red-suit takeout
	Cue-bid		Michaels; strong (very)

*Doubler should have 3 1/2+ honor tricks


Responding agreements:

4 M	Dbl	P	?

	(or)

4 M	P	P	Dbl
P	?

	Pass		normal
	Suit bid	6+ cards (or 5 spades) and "good distribution"
	4 NT over 4 H	minor-suit takeout
	4 NT over 4 S	3-suit or red-suit takeout


DEFENSE TO ARTIFICIAL OPENINGS					     71
------------------------------

If the opening is 1 C strong (16+), artificial and forcing, or over an 
artificial response to same, pass with opening-bid strength or better. 
On the next round, once a natural bid has been made, you may enter the 
auction as if all artificial bids never existed.

All initial actions show weak hands:

1 C	?
1 C	P	1 X*	?

	*Artificial

	Double		suit doubled
	1 of suit	5+ cards
	1 NT		pointed suits (spades + diamonds)
	2 NT		rounded suits (hearts + clubs)
	2 of suit	suit bid plus next higher
	3 of suit	6+ cards
	4 of suit	7+ cards

Memory aid: The number "1" is pointed and "2" is rounded.


Responses to weak actions:

1 C	Act	any	?

	(or)

1 C	P	1 X	Act
any	?

	1 NT, 2 NT	cue-bid; game try; F
	Raise		obstructive; blocking
	Other suit	natural; NF
	Jump		preemptive


Defense to 2 C opening:

If the opening bid is 2 C, strong and artificial, no special 
structure applies. All bids are presumed weak and obstructive.

2 C	?
2 C	P	2 X*	?

	*Artificial

	Double		suit doubled
	Suit bid	6+ (good 5) cards
	Any NT		minor-suit takeout


DEFENSE TO TRANSFER BIDS					     72
------------------------

If the opening bid is artificial and shows one specific suit, use the 
following defense. Examples: Transfer preempts, Namyats 4 C (hearts) 
or 4 D (spades). The term "cue-bid" refers to a bid in the opponent's 
real suit, not the artificial suit.

2 X	?
3 X	?
4 X	?

	Double		11+; takeout of real suit
	Double twice	15+; still takeout
	Pass then Dbl	13+; optional
	Suit bid	natural; good suit
	Cue (2/4 lev)	Michaels; good or strong			
	2 NT		15-18 (system on)
	Cue (3 lev)	3-level cue-bid overcall	
	Jump suit	good jump overcall
	3 NT		to play (no systemic responses)
	4 NT		takeout if enemy suit is a major; 
				else Blackwood


If the opening bid does not indicate a specific suit and the response 
is artificial showing one specific suit, use this defense. Examples: 
Jacoby and Texas transfers.

1 NT	P	2 X	?
1 NT	P	4 X	?
2 NT	P	3 X	?
2 NT	P	4 X	?
	(etc.)

	Double		shows suit doubled
	Double twice	takeout thru 4 S
	Pass then Dbl	takeout thru 3 S
	Cue-bid		Michaels
	Suit bid	natural; good suit
	Any NT		unusual
	Jump suit	good jump overcall


JUNKYARD DEFENSE						     73
----------------

This defense applies to opening two-bids that do not show 5+ cards in
the suit bid and do not show a specific one-suited hand. 

The current list includes:

1. Flannery 2 D		5 hearts + 4 spades
2. Roman 2 C/D		3 unknown suits
3. Precision 2 D/H	3 known suits
4. Meckwell 2 H		3 suits, 2 of which are known
5. Meckwell 2 S		weak preempt in any suit
6. Multicolor 2 D	unknown 6-card major (usually)


General structure:

2 X	?
2 X	P	2 NT	?

	Double		strength-showing (about 15+) and our runout
				defense applies (see topic)
	Pass then Dbl	takeout (if suit) thru 4 D
	Suit bid	natural*; good suit
	2 NT		15-18; natural (system on)
	Jump in suit	good jump overcall*
	3 NT		natural (no systemic responses)

*Except if opener has shown 5+ cards in suit; then it is a cue-bid, 
the meaning of which is appropriate to the level.


After a suit response:

2 X	P	Suit	?

	Double		takeout thru 4 D
	Other		as above


Clarification notes:

Two-suited two-bids showing the suit bid plus one other suit (known 
or unknown) will be treated as natural weak two-bids, although an 
overcall in opener's known 5+ card second suit is a cue-bid, the 
meaning of which is appropriate to the level.

If according to the enemy methods a two-suited hand might be 5-4 
shape but typically is at least 5-5 shape, this should be ignored. 
Both suits should be presumed to be 5+ cards for the purpose of 
determining the meaning of our bids.


LEAD-DIRECTING DOUBLES						     74
----------------------

Doubles of artificial suit bids are lead-directing unless otherwise 
defined or qualified as one of the two exceptions below:

1. Double by an unpassed hand of an artificial response (thru 3 D) to 
any natural opening bid is a takeout double of the suit opened. These 
are takeout doubles:

2 C*	P	2 D	Dbl
	*Natural suit

1 S	P	3 D*	Dbl
	*Limit raise

2 S	P	3 C*	Dbl
	*Inquiry

2. Double by an unpassed hand of a splinter bid as our first action 
shows length in that suit and suggests a sacrifice bid.


Doubles of notrump:

The double of any notrump bid (not specifically defined elsewhere) 
is for penalty and requests, in order of priority, the lead of:

1. Leader's suit if <both> leader and doubler have shown suits

2. Doubler's suit

3. Dummy's suit unless leader can <safely> lead his own shown suit

4. Leader's shown suit

5. Leader's weaker major suit


Doubles of suit slams:

The double of a suit slam by non-leader requests, in order of 
priority, the lead of:

1. A side suit bid by the enemy

2. Leader's longest suit not bid by his side


								     75



			SLAM BIDDING METHODS



GENERAL APPROACH
----------------

To avoid ambiguity it is essential to have firm rules to determine 
when a bid is natural and when it is control showing.

In a forcing auction, the first bid after suit agreement is natural if
the suit was bid naturally earlier. The last bid in each auction is
natural:

1 C	P	1 S	P
3 S	P	4 C

1 S	P	2 D	P
2 H	P	3 H	P
4 D

1 H	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	3 D	P
3 H

The following bids are recognized as "advance control-showing bids" 
and establish suit agreement (partner's suit, or the lower ranking of 
his two suits) by inference. These bids are just like a raise of a 
suit; i.e., they do <not> initiate a control-showing auction.

1. A new suit bid beyond 3 NT by a player who has bid notrump

2. A bid in the only remaining unbid suit beyond 3 NT

3. A cue-bid in the enemy suit beyond 3 NT


Starting a control-showing auction:

A control-showing auction may be started only after suit agreement by 
bidding an unshown suit, an enemy suit, or a suit that cannot possibly 
be natural from your previous bidding.


After a control-showing auction has started:

A bid in any prior agreed suit is natural and discourages slam.

A bid in any nonagreed suit is a control-showing bid, even if this 
suit was naturally bid by you or partner. No further suit agreement 
is possible.

A control-showing bid does not require extra strength (only suitable 
values) unless it forces the partnership beyond game.


CONTROL-SHOWING BIDS						     76
--------------------

The following guidelines, listed by priority, determine the meaning 
of control-showing bids:

1. If a splinter bid, it shows a singleton or void. If splinter bid 
is beyond 5 of the agreed trump suit, it shows a void.

2. If bid is a suit naturally shown by partner, it implies the ace 
or king. It should not be a void or small singleton.

3. If bid is the enemy suit or the only unbid suit, it implies the ace 
or a splinter (if a splinter bid is impractical). Do not bid this way 
with the king. Partner should presume the ace and may bid 3 NT without 
a further stopper; if bid was based on a splinter, do not pass 3 NT.

4. If our side has shown only one suit, it implies the ace or king 
and length (4+ cards). It should not be based on shortness.

5. If our side has shown exactly two suits, it shows first or second 
round control (ideally, the king) and it implies no KING in the unbid
suit.  For example, on this sequence, opener should be discouraged by
short diamonds and encouraged by short clubs (not vice versa):

1 S	P	2 H	P
3 H	P	4 D

		S  x x
		H  A Q J x x
		D  K Q x
		C  A x x

Note: Rules 4 and 5 apply only to slam tries below game so partner is 
able to evaluate his hand better. Slam tries beyond game follow the 
standard practice of showing first-round control.

6. A control-showing bid beyond 5 of the highest agreed suit obviously
means that a grand slam is possible. It further implies that no suit 
remains uncontrolled.

7. Bypassing a particular bid does not necessarily deny that control. 
There are many situations in which it is desirable to show a higher 
control before a lower one to facilitate the subsequent bidding.


Second control-showing bid:

A second control-showing bid in the same suit, or a redouble (if the 
enemy doubles a control-showing bid), indicates:

1. The ace if partner splintered in that suit or if the previous bid 
(by either you or partner) implied the ace or a splinter

2. A void if you splintered in that suit

3. The ace or king if previous bid could be the ace or king


BLACKWOOD							     77
---------

Barring contrary agreements, 4 NT is Blackwood:

1. As an opening bid

2. As an overcall if the enemy showed only a minor suit

3. If a major suit is agreed

4. If partner has acted, notrump has not been naturally bid (the 
forcing 1 NT response is not considered natural) and the "4 NT 
Response for Takeout" (see topic) does not apply.

Observe from Rule 4 that these auctions are not Blackwood:

1 S	P	2 NT	P
3 H	P	4 NT

1 S	P	2 C	P
2 NT	P	3 H	P
4 NT

If a player uses Blackwood immediately after making a splinter bid, it 
is defined as "exclusion Blackwood." Asker implies a void in splinter 
suit, and partner should not show that ace.


Key card situations:

Key-card responses (see topic) apply if and only if a key suit can be 
determined by one of these rules, listed by priority:

1. If one suit is agreed, the agreed suit is the key suit.

2. If two suits are agreed, the higher agreed suit is the key suit.

3. Immediately over our opening bid of 4 of a major, or after a rebid 
of 4 of a major after our 3 NT opening (strong preempt), the bid major 
is the key suit.

4. Immediately over our jump overcall of 4 of a major, or over a rebid 
of 4 of a major after a 3-level cue-bid overcall (strong one-suiter), 
the bid major is the key suit.

5. If 4 NT is a jump, the last suit shown by our side is the key suit. 
Exception: If two suits are shown simultaneously (as with the unusual 
notrump), this does not determine a key suit.

Another exception: After a 2 S or higher response to our 2 C opening 
(showing 2 of top 3 honors), if opener jumps to 4 NT it is regular 
Blackwood (opener may need to distinguish between A-Q and K-Q).

If a key suit is not determined by the above rules, then standard 
responses apply (0 or 4 aces, 1 ace, 2 aces, 3 aces). Blackwood bidder 
may sign off in any contract, except for 5 NT which promises all 4 
aces and asks for the number of kings by steps (0,1,2,3,4).


GERBER								     78
------

Barring contrary agreements, the following bids are Gerber. It makes 
no difference if the enemy has bid.

1. A response of 4 C (jump or not) to partner's 1 NT or 2 NT opening 
bid or overcall (if "system on" applies).

2. A jump to 4 C over partner's last bid of 1 NT or 2 NT.

3. A jump to 4 C after a puppet Stayman response when opener has 
indicated no real suit.

1 NT	P	2 C	P
2 D	P	4 C

1 NT	P	2 C	2 H
P	P	4 C

4. A jump to 5 C over a natural 3 NT response or rebid, provided clubs 
have not been naturally bid by our side. Each 5 C bid is Gerber:

1 D	P	3 NT	P
5 C

1 S	P	2 D	P
3 NT	P	5 C

2 NT	P	3 C	P
3 D	P	3 S	P
3 NT	P	5 C

5. A jump to 5 C after a puppet Stayman response to 1 NT or 2 NT. 
Each 5 C bid is Gerber:

1 NT	P	2 C	P
2 H	P	5 C

2 NT	P	3 C	P
3 D	P	5 C

2 C	P	2 D	P
2 NT	P	3 C	P
3 S	P	5 C

Key card situations:

Key-card responses (see topic) apply only if Gerber bidder himself 
has shown a suit that could be 5+ cards (this excludes the implied 
4 card major in puppet Stayman sequences since it cannot be 5). 
Of the examples above, only the first two auctions after Rule 4 
would include a key suit.

If no key suit exists, standard responses apply (0 or 4 aces, 1 ace, 
2 aces, 3 aces). Gerber bidder may sign off in any contract, except 
for the cheapest club continuation, which promises all 4 aces and asks 
for the number of kings by steps (0, 1, 2, 3, 4).


KEY-CARD RESPONSES						     79
------------------

If a key suit exists (see Blackwood & Gerber rules), the king of that 
suit is counted as an ace so there are 5 key cards. The responses to 
Blackwood or Gerber are:

. . .	4 C	P	?
. . .	4 NT	P	?
. . .	5 C	P	?

	1 step		0 or 3 key cards
	2 steps		1 or 4 key cards
	3 steps		2 or 5 key cards*

*This is different from Roman key-card Blackwood in that it does not 
deny the queen of trumps. The fourth step is instead used to show a 
void (see topic).


Responses over enemy interference:

At the 5-level or lower use D-O-P-I:

. . .	4 C	Bid	?
. . .	4 NT	Bid	?
. . .	5 C	Bid	?

	Double		0 or 3 key cards
	Pass		1 or 4 key cards
	Cheapest bid	2 or 5 key cards

At the 6 or 7-level use D-E-P-O:

. . .	4 C	Bid	?
. . .	4 NT	Bid	?
. . .	5 C	Bid	?

	Double		0, 2 or 4 key cards
	Pass		1, 3 or 5 key cards


Sign-off bids:

Blackwood bidder may sign off in the key suit, any agreed suit, 6 NT, 
or 6 of any previously shown suit (unless illogical). Further, if no 
suit is agreed, he may sign off in 5 of any previously shown suit.

Gerber bidder may sign off in 4, 5, or 6 of any previously shown suit 
or in 4 NT, 5 NT, or 6 NT. Especially note: A bid of 5 C (or 6 C) is 
not a Gerber continuation if clubs have been previously shown.

Sign-off exception: If the reply showed 1 or 4 key cards and in fact 
is 4, any rebid below slam (even the key suit) is forcing.


KEY-CARD CONTINUATIONS						     80
----------------------

If Blackwood or Gerber bidder continues with the cheapest forcing bid, 
it ensures that at least 4 key cards are held (all 5 if at or beyond 
5 of key suit), and asks for the queen or extra length (QOEL) in the 
key suit. Responses are:

. . .	4 M	P	?
. . .	5 X	P	?
. . .	5 NT	P	?
. . .	6 m	P	?

	4 NT, key suit	denial
	Cheapest bid*	QOEL; nothing showable
	Other bid*	QOEL; that king

*Cheapest bid (not counting "denials") assures QOEL and implies that 
responder is unable to show a king by the other available bids. A 
response of 5 NT (if not the cheapest bid) or 6 NT shows the 
"cheapest-bid" king.

Rare: If Blackwood bidder makes a forcing suit bid below 5 NT that is 
not the cheapest available, it is a relay to sign off in 5 NT.

If Blackwood bidder makes a forcing bid of 5 NT or higher which is not 
the cheapest available, or if Gerber bidder makes a forcing (suit) bid 
which is not the cheapest available, this promises all 5 key cards and 
the key-suit QOEL. Responses:

. . .	4 S	P	?
. . .	5 X	P	?
. . .	5 NT	P	?
. . .	6 X	P	?

	4/5 NT, key	denial
	Other suit	that king (may have 1 other)
	6 NT		all 3 non-key-suit kings
	7 any		sign-off or "you pick the grand" if
				illogical to play

Further inquiry:

Blackwood or Gerber bidder may, in some cases, probe further by making 
a forcing bid below 6 of the key suit. Responses:

. . .	5 X	P	?
. . .	5 NT	P	?
. . .	6 X	P	?

	5 NT, key suit	denial
	Other suit	that king
	6 NT		unshown king; doubts about 7; NF
	7 any		sign-off or "you pick the grand" if
				illogical to play


VOID-SHOWING OVER BLACKWOOD					     81
---------------------------

A void suit may be shown over key-card Blackwood only if responder has 
1, 2 or 3 key cards. Two different sets of responses apply depending 
on whether the void suit would be known to Blackwood bidder.


If void suit is unknown:

. . .	4 NT	P	?

	5 S*		1 key card
	5 NT*		2 key cards
	6 of suit	3 key cards; void in suit bid if possible
				(or natural with unshowable void)

*When feasible, asker may continue with the cheapest forcing bid, then 
responder will bid his void suit or return to a natural suit if void 
cannot be shown at the 6-level.


If void suit would be known:

. . .	4 NT	P	?

	5 S*		1 key card
	5 NT*		2 key cards
	6 non-key suit	3 key cards; that king (or key-suit
				QOEL if bid is void suit)
	6 key suit	3 key cards; nothing else to show

*Continue as on previous page: Cheapest forcing bid asks about QOEL; 
other forcing bid assures QOEL and asks about non-key-suit kings.


Note: A void suit should not be shown when regular Blackwood applies 
since it is not clear where Blackwood bidder is headed.


VOLUNTARY BID OF FIVE						     82
---------------------

A voluntary bid of 5 in a major suit is a slam invitation if our side 
has not made a weak bid. Also, a raise from 4 of a major to 5, in the 
absence of an intervening bid or double, is a slam invitation.

A jump to 5 in a minor suit is a slam invitation if a bid of 4 in that 
suit would be forcing.

In either case, the slam invitation asks for:

1. Control in the unbid suit if we have bid three suits

2. Control in the enemy suit if not already shown

3. Good trumps relative to the bidding if the above do not apply


Responses if the bid asks for control:

. . .	5 X	P	?

	Pass		no control in critical suit
	5 NT		guarded king
	6 X		control, usually singleton
	Other suit	control-showing; promises first-round
				control in critical suit


Responses if the bid asks for good trumps:

. . .	5 X	P	?

	Pass		sorry, pal
	Other		use trump-asking steps (see topic)


TRUMP ASKING BIDS						     83
-----------------

The following bids are trump asking:

1. A jump to 4 C after our weak two-bid, weak jump overcall, weak jump 
shift response, or major-suit overcall of 1 NT

2. A bid of 4 C over our 3 D, 3 H or 3 S opening or weak jump overcall 
with no interference

3. A bid of 4 D over our 3 C or 4 C opening or weak jump overcall with 
no interference

4. A bid of 5 NT if a major suit is agreed or if a jump over partner's 
natural major-suit bid (see "5 NT bids" for a rare exception)

5. A bid of 5 S (when no major is agreed) if a minor suit is agreed or 
if a jump over partner's natural minor-suit bid


Responses:

. . .	4 C	P	?
. . .	4 D	P	?
. . .	5 S	P	?
. . .	5 NT	P	?

	Trump suit	worst response
	1 step		ace or king
	2 steps*	queen or extra length
	3 steps		K-Q or A-Q
	4 steps		A-K
	5 steps		A-K-Q or no trump loser

*Eliminate this step if clubs are trump or if responder (to trump ask) 
has shown 6+ cards (which includes weak two-bids although suspect).

Note: Step responses skip over the trump suit, which always indicates 
the weakest response.


Continuations:

Trump asker may continue by bidding the cheapest nonagreed suit to ask 
for extra length (or queen if possible): Return to trump suit denies.

If asker continues with 4 NT it is regular Blackwood (not key card).


4 NT RESPONSE FOR TAKEOUT					     84
-------------------------

After partner has doubled or bid a suit, a response of 4 NT is for 
takeout (for the unbid suits) only if an opponent has bid 4 H or 4 S, 
you have not previously acted, partner has not made a weak bid or 
overcalled an enemy weak bid, and there are at least two unbid suits 
among C, D and H. Otherwise a 4 NT response is Blackwood.

1 H	1 S	4 H 	4 NT
	Minors

4 S	Dbl	P	4 NT
	3-suit takeout

P	1 D	4 S	4 NT
	Clubs + hearts

1 H	2 S	4 H 	4 NT
	Blackwood

1 H	Dbl	4 H	4 NT
	Minors

P	1 D	4 H	4 NT
	Blackwood

2 H	2 S	4 H 	4 NT
	Blackwood

1 D	Dbl	4 H	4 NT
	Blackwood

1 C	1 D	4 S	4 NT
	Blackwood


FIVE NOTRUMP BIDS						     85
-----------------

Provided no major suit is agreed, a bid of 5 NT has one of the 
following meanings unless part of another agreement.

1. A jump to 5 NT over any balanced notrump bid, provided no real 
suit has been shown, invites a grand slam. Partner should bid 6 NT 
with a minimum or 7 NT with a tiptop maximum. A suit bid indicates a 
good 4+ cards with in-between strength.

2. If a real suit has been shown, a jump to 5 NT over any bid except a
natural major-suit bid asks partner to select a slam from the obvious 
alternatives, with 6 NT being a possibility.

3. A nonjump bid of 5 NT over any bid (including a major) has the 
same meaning as above, but 6 NT is a possibility only if notrump was 
previously bid naturally. Otherwise, partner must choose a suit.

4. After a 4 or 5-level enemy preempt, whether partner has bid or not, 
a bid of 5 NT at your <first> turn requests partner to choose an unbid 
suit (cheapest first if there are 3 unbid) with 4 cards (or 3 cards 
with an honor). Example:

4 D	4 S	P	5 NT

			S  x x
			H  A Q J x x
			D  x
			C  A K J x x

The above would traditionally be interpreted as a grand slam force, 
but such a hand is far less likely than an unbid-suit takeout.


SPLINTER RAISES							     86
---------------

The following bids indicate a singleton or void in the suit bid and at 
least 4 card support for partner (or 3 cards if partner has rebid his 
suit) with or without enemy interference. The point count requirement 
is stated in "dummy points" (distribution included).


Rebids by opening bidder:

1. Double jump shift or jump cue-bid after a 1-over-1 response = 19+

2. Jump shift or jump cue-bid after a 2-over-1 response = 16+


Rebids by responder:

3. Double jump shift, 4-level jump shift, or jump cue-bid after a 
1-over-1 response = 16+

4. Double jump rebid of 4 in opener's minor after a major suit rebid 
at the 1-level = 16+

5. Jump shift or jump cue-bid after a 2-over-1 response = 16+

6. Jump shift to 4-level after a puppet Stayman response to 1 NT and 
a major-suit rebid by opener = 13+

7. Jump shift rebid after a 2 D response to 2 C = 6+

8. Jump shift rebid after a 2 H response to 2 C = 8+

A control-showing auction is immediately started with a splinter raise 
unless the raised suit is a minor and partner next bids a previously 
shown major suit.



NON-RAISE SPLINTER BIDS
-----------------------

A splinter bid also may be made by the originator of a suit following 
a raise by partner. Unless otherwise defined, any jump shift after a 
raise (even in a previously shown minor suit) is a splinter bid. This 
shows slam interest and a control-showing auction is started.

Another kind of splinter bid is the shape-descriptive variety, usually 
made by a player who has indicated two suits or one long suit, such as 
in the Jacoby structure. These bids do not initiate a control-showing 
auction unless suit agreement has previously occurred.


SPLINTER ASKING BID						     87
-------------------

After a jump major raise to the 3-level as an immediate response or at 
opener's rebid, the cheapest bid (3 S or 3 NT) is a relay to ask for a 
splinter. This is not affected by an enemy takeout double, but it is 
off if either opponent has bid.

1 M	P	3 M	P
Rel	P	?

	(or)

1 X	P	1 M	P
3 M	P	Rel	P
?

	Cheapest bid	no splinter
	New suit*	that splinter
	Agreed major*	"unshowable" splinter

*On the second auction if opener shows a splinter in his original suit 
(clearly impossible), it shows 5-4-2-2 shape with a good 5-card suit.



CONTROL ASKING BID
------------------

These bids ask for control in the suit bid:

1. A 5-level response in a lower suit to partner's 4 H or 4 S opening 
bid or weak jump overcall with no interference

2. A 4 or 5-level cue-bid in the enemy suit after partner has made a 
weak bid

3. A new-suit follow-up by 2 C opener after he has established trumps 
with a jump suit rebid


Responses:

. . .	4 X	P	?
. . .	5 X	P	?

	1 step		no control
	2 steps*	queen or doubleton
	3 steps		king or singleton
	4 steps		ace or void

*This response is used only in case (3); else there are just 3 steps.


								     88



			DEFENSIVE CARDING



LEADS AGAINST SUITS
-------------------

Ace from A-K on opening lead through 4 S, except in a suit originally 
shown by partner. Reverse of this procedure shows a doubleton.

King from A-K beyond 4 S or subsequent to the opening lead. Reverse of 
this procedure shows a doubleton.

Queen from Q-J.

Jack from J-10 (or rarely A-Q-J during the hand).

Ten from 10-9 or K-J-10 (or rarely A-J-10, A-Q-10-9 or A-K-10-9 during 
the hand).

Nine from Q-10-9 or K-10-9 (or A-10-9 during the hand). The nine may 
also be a spot-card lead.

Lowest from an odd number of cards.

Third best from an even number of cards.


LEADS AGAINST NOTRUMP						     89
---------------------

Ace from A-K and usually two other honors.

	<A> K J 10 x	<A> K Q 10

King from A-K and usually one other honor.

	A <K> J x	A <K> 10 8 x

Queen from K-Q-10-9, Q-J-10, Q-J-9 or tripleton Q-J-x.

Jack from A-Q-J, J-10-9, J-10-8 or tripleton J-10-x.

Ten from A-Q-10-9, A-J-10, K-J-10, 10-9-8, 10-9-7 or tripleton 10-9-x. 
Rarely, could be from A-K-10-9 if king lead is undesirable.

Nine from A-10-9, K-10-9, Q-10-9, or 9-x-x. The nine also may be led 
from 9-8-x-x, but fourth best is preferable in most situations.

Lowest from a tripleton headed by an honor (e.g., A-x-x, 10-x-x).

Fourth best from four-card or longer suits regardless of honor 
strength, although it is permissible to lead high from a worthless 
four-card suit if your hand contains a strong four-card suit which 
you would like partner to shift to.

Highest from a worthless tripleton. Exception: If partner has shown 
a 5 card or longer suit (which includes third and fourth-seat major 
openings, although suspect), lead low from three-small unless you 
have raised the suit.

Higher from any doubleton.


COUNT SIGNALS							     90
-------------

The general strategy is to show count, both in following suit and 
discarding, regardless of who led the suit. When discarding, tend to 
discard from suits you do not wish led and give count in doing so.

In giving count, normally play your second highest (if affordable) 
from four cards and the highest affordable from six cards. Play the 
indicated card:

	9 <8> 6 2	10 <9> 8 2	J <10> 9 2	Q <10> 9 2

	Q <J> 10 3 (if intent is to give count)	    <J> 10 9 7 4 2

This method is more helpful in distinguishing between two and four, 
or between four and six, especially in situations in which the ace is 
led and dummy has the queen with two or three small cards. Note that 
the highest outstanding card rules out count from four cards.


Modifications and exceptions:

Ace against notrump requests the unblock of the king, queen, or jack; 
otherwise, give a count signal.

Ace against a 5-level or higher suit contract requests attitude.

When the ace of an unbid suit is led at a suit contract and dummy has 
exactly three cards without the queen, signal attitude.

Ace subsequent to the opening lead requests attitude.

King against notrump requests attitude.

Queen against notrump asks for unblock of the jack or ace; otherwise, 
it requests attitude.

At notrump, if dummy wins partner's opening lead with a singleton ace, 
king or queen, signal attitude.


SUIT PREFERENCE SIGNALS						     91
-----------------------

The following suit-preference situations take priority over any 
other signals:

Against any contract, if the opening leader leads a suit originated
by partner in which partner showed 5+ cards. (Third hand should play 
a middle card to be neutral.) Note: The suit preference is generally 
more urgent if leader retains the lead.

Against a suit, if the opening leader leads dummy's singleton and 
retains the lead at trick two. Note that when a king is led (thru 
4 S), this applies only when third hand has the ace.

When leading or following in a suit that partner is expected to ruff.

Against a suit, when partner's opening lead is an obvious singleton 
and you are not trying to win the trick.

When removing declarer's last stopper at notrump.

When playing from insignificant cards in a suit in which declarer has 
shown out (or will show out on the current trick). Note that strategic 
plays (such as unblocking, or playing a known card) should not be 
interpreted as suit preference.

When following suit or discarding (but not when leading) from 
insignificant cards after count has been given. For example, your 
first play is indicated:

	6 5 <4>		5 then 6 suggests lower suit
			6 then 5 suggests higher suit

	9 <5> 4 3	3 then 4 suggests lower suit
			4 then 3 suggests higher suit



THE WAKEUP SIGNAL
-----------------

At a suit contract, a non-systemic or unusual lead or play (excluding 
normal suit preference instances) shows the ability to ruff something. 
This is not a suit preference signal in that partner must determine 
which suit might be ruffed. Examples would be:

1. Underleading an ace on the opening lead. (When underleading an ace 
it is best to lead a false spot card so that partner is less likely to 
misplay thinking declarer has the ace.)

2. A non-systemic lead such as queen from K-Q or the jack from K-J-10.

3. A blatant, wasteful or illogical signal such as dropping the king 
from K-J-x-x when it could not possibly be a singleton.


SECOND PLAYS IN THE SAME SUIT					     92
-----------------------------

After leading an honor, continuing with your highest card warns 
partner not to unblock or overtake. Continuing with your lowest card 
of a sequence invites partner to do so. Your first play is indicated:

	<K> Q x		Continue with the queen

	<K> Q J 9	Continue with the jack


Second-round count:

If your first play in a suit did not indicate count (generally because 
you led or played an honor), count should be given on the second round 
when leading, following or discarding. Play the highest card you can 
spare from an original odd number; lowest from an original even number 
of cards. Your first play is underlined:

	<K> 9 7 4 2	Next play the 9 (or 7 if you cannot spare 9)

	<A> 9 8 7 4 2	Next play the 2

	<A> J 10 9	Next play the 9*

*Note that this takes priority over leading the top of a sequence.

Exception: At notrump, if partner has led fourth-best from his long 
suit and next leads the highest card after regaining the lead, this 
asks for an unblock regardless of length:

	   <4>

A J 7 <6> 3	<Q> 9 8 2

	<K> 10 5

If leader continues with the ace, you should unblock the nine (and 
later the eight). If leader continues with the jack, you should play 
the two (second-round count). It may seem proper to unblock in all 
cases, but the situation might be:

	   <4>

A J 7 <6>	<Q> 9 8 2

	<K> 10 7 3

Here, leader continues with the jack, and your proper play is the 
two (leader will know the suit began 4-4). If you held Q-9-2 or 
Q-9-8-7-2, you would play the nine (leader will know that either 
you or declarer held five).


MISCELLANEOUS AGREEMENTS					     93
------------------------

Third-hand play of the higher of equals at notrump requests partner to 
unblock if necessary. Thus, normal plays warn partner not to unblock. 
For example:

		<J> 10

	<9> 8 2		<K> Q 7 6 4 3

		<A> 5

Playing the king then the queen tells partner to unblock. Otherwise, 
partner should not unblock as declarer may have A-7-x. Also note that 
when declarer wins the first trick, partner can safely lead the eight 
next since thinks declarer has the queen.


Splitting honors:

When splitting honors as <second hand>, play the next-to-highest card 
if intention is to inform partner. This blends well with the method of 
showing count from four cards so both meanings are often served. Play 
the indicated card:

	10 <9> 8 7	K <9> 8 7	J <10> 9 8	Q <10> 9 8

	Q <J> 10 9	K <J> 10 9	K <Q> J 10	K <Q> 10 9

	A <K> Q 2	A <K> J 2	<A> Q J 9 (denies K)


Trump echo:

A trump echo is routine to show an odd number of trumps; this does not 
necessarily suggest the ability to ruff anything. If intention is to 
enlighten partner, echo with the highest of equals, which is sometimes 
helpful to distinguish whether you have a promotable trump holding. It 
also may distract declarer. Play the indicated card:

	<J> 10 9	<10> 9 8	J <9> 8		<9> 8 6

Note that any play denies the card immediately above it.



